新疆落地棉捡拾收获现状与对策研究

Study on present situation and countermeasures for falling cotton harvest in Xinjiang

棉花产业已成为我国国民经济重点支柱产业,新疆作为棉花种植大省,其种植面积、产量和质量居于全国首位。由于科技植棉水平不断提升,新疆棉花生产全程机械化率突破94%,其中棉花机械化采收约为80%。随着采棉机的普及应用,在提升作业效率的同时,存在宜机采棉种培育、发展模式和采棉机关键技术不匹配、不可靠、采净率有限等问题,导致作业后仍有大量未被采收棉花遗留在棉田,形成落地棉,给农户带来了不必要的经济损失,因此落地棉捡拾是一种必然的趋势。为此,本文阐述了新疆目前落地棉捡拾收获现状,总结归纳新疆地区落地棉捡拾主要方式及特点,指出了目前存在的问题,给出了相应策略,为今后落地棉捡拾机发展及应用提供一定参考。

Cotton industry has become the key pillar industry of China's national economy.As a big cotton planting province,Xinjiang ranks first in the country in terms of planting area,output and quality.Due to the continuous improvement of scientific and technological cotton planting level,the mechanization rate of cotton production in Xinjiang has exceeded 94%,of which the mechanization of cotton harvesting is about 80%.With the popularization and application of cotton pickers,while improving the working efficiency,there are some problems,such as unsuitable cotton seed cultivation,unmatched development mode and key technologies of cotton pickers,unreliability,limited net picking rate,etc.,which lead to a large amount of uncut cotton left in the cotton field after operation,forming landing cotton,which brings unnecessary economic losses to farmers.Therefore,picking up landing cotton is an inevitable trend.Therefore,this paper expounds the current situation of picking and harvesting cotton in Xinjiang,summarizes the main ways and characteristics of picking cotton in Xinjiang,points out the existing problems,and gives the corresponding strategies,which will provide some reference for the development and application of picking cotton in the future.