搅拌摩擦增材制造技术研究现状与发展趋势

Research status and development trend of friction stir additive manufacturing technology

现有的高能束增材制造技术在成形大型高性能金属构件时存在适用材料范围有限、能源利用率低以及成形件各向异性等工艺特点,搅拌摩擦增材制造是近年来发展起来的一项新型固相增材制造技术,其无液态金属熔凝过程的成形特征为铝合金、镁合金等易氧化轻质合金的高性能快速制备提供了新的增材制造途径。文中首先指出现有高性能金属构件增材制造技术应用的局限性,重点介绍搅拌摩擦增材制造技术的工艺原理、性能优势及应用现状。综述了国内外所开展的主要搅拌摩擦增材制造技术现状,包括同轴送料式、预置料式等类别,进而展示了搅拌摩擦增材制造技术在轻质大型结构件增材制造及特征结构添加,梯度材料与涂层制备,缺陷损伤修复及新型复合材料制备等方面的应用潜力。最后,对搅拌摩擦增材制造技术的发展趋势进行了展望。通过文中综述,以期推动该技术在国内航空航天等领域大型轻质材料构件的制备方面实现应用。

Additive friction stir deposition was a new solid phase additive manufacturing technology developed in recent years.This paper briefly described the limitations of the traditional high-energy beam additive manufacturing technology for forming high-performance metal structural parts and the technical advantages of additive friction stir deposition technology.The main types of additive friction stir deposition technologies developed at home and abroad were summarized,including coaxial feed,preset feed,cold spraying compound friction stir,and consumable friction stir tool additive manufacturing,among which the research on bar coaxial feed developed by MELD company was the most advanced.Furthermore,the applications of additive friction stir deposition technology were presented such as in manufacturing and feature addition of lightweight and large structural parts,preparation of gradient materials and coatings,defect repair and new composite materials.Finally,the development trend of additive friction stir deposition technology was prospected.