云杉花墨天牛生殖行为的研究

Reproductive Behavior of Monochamus saltuarius(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)

[目的]云杉花墨天牛是中温带地区传播松材线虫的媒介昆虫,目前对它的报道较少,国内缺乏对云杉花墨天牛生殖行为的研究。为了解云杉花墨天牛的生殖特性和规律,本研究在室内对其成虫生殖行为进行观察和分析,将有助于针对其生殖特性进一步研究防治技术,未来有望通过干扰或延迟该天牛的交配抑制其繁殖,从而降低下一代的种群密度。[方法 ]将补充营养后的3日龄云杉花墨天牛雌、雄成虫成对放入装有红松木段和新鲜松枝的透明玻璃缸中内,在室温,相对湿度55%±5%,光照8D:16L的条件下,连续观察雌雄成虫抱对、交配、刻槽、产卵的生殖行为及日节律,直至天牛自然死亡。[结果 ]观察发现云杉花墨天牛交配行为分为3个阶段:相遇抱对、插入交配和配后保护。每头成虫平均抱对2.38±0.89次·天^(-1),抱对平均时长27.86±18.37 min·次-1;平均交配1.74±0.51次·天^(-1),交配平均时长8.68±4.42 min·次-1;雌成虫平均刻槽1.76±0.74次·天^(-1),刻槽平均时长16.25±9.45 min·次-1;平均产卵1.87±0.61次·天^(-1),产卵平均时长16.00±10.04 min·次-1。一个玻璃缸内同时饲养3对天牛时比只饲养1对天牛时,每天平均的抱对、交配、刻槽次数增加,产卵次数减少,而每次交配行为所用平均时长缩短。云杉花墨天牛的生殖行为具有明显的日节律,交配和产卵都出现高峰期,其中交配高峰期为12:00—14:00,雌成虫产卵高峰期为14:00—16:00。研究还发现云杉花墨天牛生殖行为中的特殊现象:如雄成虫尝试与已死亡雌成虫交配,同性成虫试图交配,3只天牛抱在一起类似抱对的现象。[结论 ]本研究结果证实:在室内条件下,云杉花墨天牛成虫在补充营养后第3天开始有生殖行为,交配过程可分为相遇抱对、插入交配和配后保护3个阶段,且该天牛的交配和产卵行为具有日节律。

[Objective]To clarify the reproductive characteristics and regulation of Monochamus saltuarius,in this study,the reproductive behavior of the adults of M.saltuarius under laboratory conditions was observed and analyzed,which is helpful for the study of control strategies on the basis of its reproductive characteristics.The population density of the next generation can be reduced by inhibiting or delaying the mating of the M.saltuarius.[Method]After nutrition supplementation,the a couple of 3-day-old female and male M.saltuarius adults were put in a transparent glass jar with segments and branches of P.koraiensis at room temperature,relative humidity 55%±5%,lighting conditions 8D:16L.The mounting,mating,gnawing oviposition scars,ovipositing and circadian rhythm of adults were observed continuously until they died.[Result]The results showed that the mating of M.saltuarius could be divided into three stages:pair-bonding,ejaculation,and post-copulatory guarding.The average mating time of each adult was 2.38±0.89 times per day,and the average mating duration was 27.86±18.37 min per time;the average mating time was 1.74±0.51 times per day,and the average mating duration was 8.68±4.42 min per time;female adults average gnawing an oviposition scar of 1.76±0.74 times per day,and the average duration of gnawing oviposition scars was 16.25±9.45 min per time;the average spawning time was 1.87±0.61 times per day,and the average duration of spawning was 16.00±10.04 min per time.When there were three pairs of M.saltuarius in the glass jar,the times of mounting,mating,and gnawing oviposition scars increased,the number of eggs laid decreased,and the average duration of each mating behavior shortened.The reproductive behavior of M.saltuarius had an obvious cricadian rhythm,there were peaks during mationg and oviposition periods.The peak period of mating was 12:00-14:00,and the peak period of oviposition was 14:00-16:0000.The study also found that during the mating process male adults tried to mate with the dead female adults,homosexual adults tried to mate with each other,and three adults mounted together.[Conclusion]Under indoor conditions,M.saltuarius begins to reproduce on the 3th day after nutritional supplementation.The mating process can be divided into three stages:pair-bonding,ejaculation,and post-copulatory guarding.The mating and spawning behaviors of M.saltuarius have circadian rhythms.