两汉罪己诏:基于“深察名号”的伦理治理

Imperial Edicts of Introspection in the Han Dynasty:Ethical Governance Based on“Profound Examination of Names and Appellations”

两汉罪己诏是皇帝自省的特殊文本,也是两汉时期的一种特殊政治现象,发挥着服务封建专制统治的社会治理作用。两汉罪己诏的罪己看似是对社会现实问题的归咎自责,但文本的展开却是从名实关系角度进行的不同“深察”;人们通过“观天意”而“循天意”,形成了“名生于真”的规定性,为两汉罪己诏提供了“名顺于天”的逻辑前提,使得罪己形式的治理实践始终以“名号”的真意为准则,通过析名见义、循名求实、揽名责实等方式展开具体的“深察”,进而按照“名伦等物”的价值准则形成治理举措、礼治秩序。其在一定程度上促进了良好社会风尚的形成,对后来整个封建社会的治理模式产生了深远影响。虽然两汉罪己诏存在一定的虚伪性,但仍然为中国式现代化建设等提供了丰富的文化资源。

The edict of introspection is a special article written by the emperor for introspection.The emperor’s writing the edits of introspection,a political phenomenon in the Han Dynasty,plays an important role of social governance under the feudal system.Edict of introspection seems to be a deep self-blame for social problems,but actually it is a“deep examination”from the perspective of the relationship between name and reality.People follow the providence by observing it,and forma regularity that name stems from reality,which is the logical premise of notion following its’own rule.The governance of reproaching oneself always takes the meaning of name as the rule,and conducts specific deep observation by analyzing name,seeking the truth,expecting the reality to correspond to the name,thus forming the governance measures according to the value principle of social status and normal relationships,and then forming the etiquette and order.It promotes the formation of good social customs and has a profound impact on the governance model of the whole feudal society to some extent.Though the edict of introspection has some hypocrisy,it still provides rich traditional cultural resources for Chinese path to modernization in the new era.