数字普惠金融与农村家庭收入结构:影响机制与普惠效果

Digital Financial Inclusion and Rural Household Income Structure:Influencing Mechanism and Inclusive Effect

基于北京大学数字普惠金融指数和中国劳动力动态调查数据,利用IV-Tobit模型和中介效应模型实证检验数字普惠金融对农村居民家庭收入结构的影响。研究发现:在促进农村居民家庭增收的前提下,数字普惠金融显著影响农村居民对不同收入来源的依赖程度,主要表现为农业收入占比的减少,非农收入(包括工资性收入和经营性收入)占比的增加。机制分析结果显示,数字普惠金融主要通过调整农村居民家庭的生产要素配置情况,即劳动力转移效应和土地流转效应,从而对家庭收入结构产生影响。进一步分析发现,数字普惠金融对农村家庭收入结构的影响存在异质性,数字普惠金融降低了东部地区农村家庭中农业收入占比,但在西部地区则起到积极促进作用,同时提高了东部和中部地区农村家庭的工资性收入占比,而在以家庭类型、人员结构划分的群组中仍具有普惠效应。

Based on the Digital Financial Inclusion Index of the Peking University and the data of China Labor-force Dynamics Survey,the IV-Tobit model and the mediation effect model are used for an empirical test of the impact of digital financial inclusion on the rural household income structure.The findings show that on the premise of a rise in the rural household income,digital financial inclusion significantly affects the dependence of rural residents on different sources of income,as is mainly manifested by the reduction of agricultural income and the increase of non-agricultural income(including wage income and operational income).The mechanism analysis shows that digital finance inclusion mainly affects the household income structure by adjusting the allocation of production factors of rural households,namely the effect of labor transfer and land transfer.A further analysis shows a heterogeneous influence of digital financial inclusion on the income structure of rural households.Digital financial inclusion caused the reduction of the proportion of agricultural income of the rural households in the eastern regions,but it played a positive role income of the rural households in the western region.At the same time,it increased the proportion of wage income among rural households in the eastern and central regions and maintained inclusive effect in groups categorized in terms of household types and personnel makeup.