日本少子化的现状、对策与困境

The Current Situation,Countermeasures and Difficulties of Japan's Low Birth Rate

日本是世界上正在经受少子化和老龄化双重考验,并不断进行深度政策调整的国家。自20世纪90年代以来,日本就将少子化问题作为重点国策,采取了一系列包括制度支持、硬件建设以及育儿环境改善等应对措施。这些措施已经嵌入到日本政治、经济、社会和生活的各个方面,成为现代日本社会构建的重要组成部分。但从结果来看,这并没有解决少子化的问题,人口出生率仍不见大的好转。为什么优渥的对策却无法阻挡日本的低出生率?这是本文要探讨的重点。

Japan has been undergoing the dual tests of the declining birth rate and the aging population,and has been making deep policy adjustment continuously.Since the 1990s,Japan has made the issue of declining birth rate a key national policy and has adopted a series of countermeasures,including providing institutional support,strengthening facility construction,and improving the child-rearing environment.These measures have been embedded in all aspects of Japanese politics,economy,society,and the living environment and have become an important part of the construction of modern Japanese society.However,considering the results,they have not solved the problem of the declining birth rate,which has not experienced a big improvement.Therefore,why cannot the generous countermeasures solve the problem of Japan's low birth rate is the focus of this article.