脉冲磁体用高强高导Cu-Nb复合线材的研究进展

Advances in Research of High-strength and High-conductivity Cu-Nb Composite Wires Used for Pulsed Magnets

高强高导铜合金材料是集优良物理性能和力学性能于一体的有色金属材料,能够同时具备高强度、高电导率以及高热导率等性能。近年来,铜合金材料备受关注,在脉冲强磁场、转换开关、电接触器、引线框架及电车和电力火车导线等诸多领域展现出广阔的应用前景。Cu-Nb复合线材作为一种典型的高强度、高电导、高导热铜基复合材料,是制备超高场脉冲磁体的首选导体材料。本文系统总结了脉冲强磁场发展史,脉冲磁体导体材料用Cu-Nb复合线材的主要制备技术,芯丝结构演变特征,材料的热稳定性、强化机理及导电机理等方面的研究进展,最后指出了目前我国脉冲强磁场突破110 T所需Cu-Nb复合线材存在的问题及面临的挑战,并提出了关于未来研究重点的建议。

High-strength and high-conductivity copper alloys are typical non-ferrous metallic materials with excellent physical and mechanical properties.Featuring characteristics of ultra-high strength and high electrical&thermal conductivity,those alloys have been attracting a lot of attention lately,and have shown potential in a wide range of applications,such as ultra-high field pulsed magnets,transfer switches,electrical contractors,lead frames,and wires for trams and electric trains.Copper-niobium microcomposites,a new class of high-strength high-conductivity materials with attractive properties,are regarded as promising candidate conductor material for high-field pulsed magnets.The present review entails a retrospect of the development of pulsed magnetic field,and a summary of the research progress of highly conductive Cu-Nb composite wires from several aspects,including the preparation technology of the material,the evolutionary characteristics of the filaments structure,and thermal stability and strengthening and conducting mechanisms of the material.The paper ends with a prospective discussion about the challenging issues related to Cu-Nb composite wires aiming at achieving 110 T-and-higher pulsed magnetic field,and some suggestions for the future research.