元胞自动机在金属材料腐蚀研究中的应用

Application of Cellular Automata in the Research of Metal Material Corrosion

长期以来,金属材料的腐蚀与防护是人们一直关注的问题。据发达国家调查,每年由于腐蚀造成的损失占国民经济总产值的2%~4%。因此,明确不同服役环境下金属材料的腐蚀状况且准确预测材料的使用寿命是保证生产安全、减少经济损失的重要手段。目前,金属腐蚀的研究方法虽然还主要以实验为主,但计算机技术为研究金属腐蚀提供了准确且直观的辅助手段,若将数值模拟技术和实验规律结合可大大加快研究进程。元胞自动机(CA)方法具有直观、灵活、便捷的特点,其可以描述不同金属材料在不同环境下的腐蚀演变过程,并且能较为准确地还原自然界的腐蚀规律。近年来,学者们利用CA方法总结了材料腐蚀速度与温度、腐蚀性离子浓度等因素呈现正相关的规律,为了减少模拟结果的误差,学者们针对不同的腐蚀环境对影响参数也进行了优化。同时,学者们将腐蚀机理与演化规则进行合理的转化,提出了运动扩散规则,描述了多蚀坑融合研究过程,建立了典型的溶液介质回路模型,并对应力腐蚀和晶间腐蚀研究过程中所涉及的模型进行了重构。本文通过总结CA在金属腐蚀方面所做的贡献,展示了CA在研究金属腐蚀机理方面的优势。同时,本文对CA方法所存在的局限性进行评注,对不可量化的影响因素给出了较为合理的量化建议,并对CA模型在金属材料腐蚀仿真方面可以进一步开展的工作进行了展望。本文旨在为金属腐蚀工作者们提供一种有效的研究手段,使更多的科研人员熟知CA在研究金属腐蚀机理方面的优势,促进模拟技术在金属腐蚀机理研究和寿命预测等方面发挥更积极的作用。

The corrosion and protection of metal materials have historically been a concern.According to surveys in developed countries,the annual economic losses caused by corrosion account for approximately 2%-4%of GDP.Thus,clarifying the corrosion status of metal materials in different service environments and accurately predicting their service life is an important means of ensuring production safety and reducing economic losses.Although metal corrosion research methods are based mainly on experiments,computer technology provides accurate and intuitive auxiliary means of metal corrosion research.If numerical simulation technology is combined with experimental study,the research process can be greatly accelerated.The cellular automata(CA)method is intuitive,flexible,and convenient.It can describe the corrosion evolution process of different metal materials in different environments,and can more accurately restore the corrosion laws of nature.In recent years,researchers have confirmed that the material corrosion rate is positively correlated with temperature,corrosive ion concentration,and other factors using the CA method.To reduce the error in simulation results,researchers have optimized the influencing parameters for different corrosive environments.They reasonably transformed the corrosion mechanism and the evolution rule,proposed the movement diffusion rule,described the research process of multi-corrosion pit fusion,and established a typical solution medium circuit model.The models involved in the study of stress corrosion and intergranular corrosion were reconstructed.In this paper,the contribution of CA to metal corrosion is summarized,and the advantages of CA are shown in the study of the metal corrosion mechanism.The limitations of the CA method are described,reasonable quantitative suggestions are presented for unquantifiable influencing factors,and future CA model research is projected in the simulation of metal material corrosion.The purpose of this paper is to provide an effective research method for metal corrosion workers,familiarize more researchers with it,and promote simulation technology to play a more active role in metal corrosion mechanism research and service life prediction.