中小学工程核心素养框架体系构建研究

Research on the Construction of Engineering Core Competencies Framework System in Primary and Secondary Schools

近年来受国际形势影响,独立自主发展我国的工程技术迫在眉睫,中小学工程核心素养的构建成为一项紧迫的课题。基于此,文章首先通过文献分析与专家访谈等方法,搭建初步的中小学工程核心素养框架;随后,文章采用德尔菲法,经过两轮专家咨询与指标修订,构建了中小学工程核心素养框架体系,包括工程基础认知、工程问题解决、个人发展与团队工作、工程思维习惯以及工程精神与责任伦理5个核心素养一级指标及相应的15个二级指标,并提出中小学工程核心素养培养的学段层次目标。通过研究,文章期望为制定中小学工程教育目标和内容体系等提供理论参考,并为开展中小学工程教育教学提供方向指导。

In recent years,due to the impact of the international situation,it is pressing to develop our engineering technology independently.The construction of engineering core competencies in primary and secondary schools has become an urgent task.Based on this,this paper firstly established a preliminary indicator framework through literature analysis and expert interviews.Then,after two rounds of expert consultation and index revision,the framework system of engineering core competencies in primary and secondary schools was constructed by using Delphi method,which included 5 first-level core competencies indexes of basic engineering cognition,engineering problem solving,personal development and team work,engineering thinking habits,engineering spirit and responsibility ethics,and correspnding 15 second-level indexes.Finally,the layered goal of engineering core competencies training in primary and secondary schools was proposed.Through research,it was expected in this paper to provide theoretical reference for formulating the objectives and content system of engineering education in primary and secondary schools,and provide direction guidance for carrying out engineering education and teaching in primary and secondary schools.