技术理性与价值理性:国际公共危机沟通的两大维度——基于传播学的视角

Technical Rationality and Value Rationality:The Two Dimensions of International Public Crisis Communication——Based on the Perspective of Communication

危机沟通的质量与水平是决定危机管理成败得失的关键扭结。及至国际公共危机之特殊情境,良好的危机沟通旨在推动国际社会强化科学认知、达成广泛共识、凝聚协同之力。根据传播学理论,国际公共危机沟通问题应当延展为技术理性与价值理性两大维度,前者通过把握发声的主动性、回应的及时性、内涵的清晰性、内容的鲜活性等技术理性要素,确保受众高度关注和正确理解传播者的相关信息;后者通过聚焦利益或需求的契合性程度以及落实或保障的可靠性指数等两大价值理性因子,切实深化和扩展传播本身的影响力水平。唯有实现技术理性和价值理性的有机统一,兼顾有效的传播方法和合理的传播方位,才是做到国际公共危机沟通有“方”的正确路径。

The quality and level of crisis communication are the key knots that determine the success or failure of crisis management.As for the special situation of international public crisis,good crisis communication aims to promote the international community to strengthen scientific understanding,reach broad consensus,and build synergy.According to the theory of communication,the problem of international public crisis communication should be extended into two dimensions:technical rationality and value rationality.The former ensures that the audience pays close attention to and correctly understands the relevant information of the communicator by grasping the technical rationality elements such as the initiative of vocalization,the timeliness of response,the clarity of connotation,and the freshness of content.The latter can effectively deepen and expand the influence of the communication itself by focusing on two value rational factors,such as the suitability of interests or needs and the reliability index of implementation or guarantee.Only by realizing the organic unity of technical rationality and value rationality,taking into account effective communication methods and reasonable communication directions,can the correct way of good communication in international public crises be achieved.