中国农村互助养老可持续发展之路:基于中西方的比较分析

The Sustainable Development Road of Rural Mutual-aid Elderly Care in China:An Analysis Based on Comparison Between China and the West

互助养老是解决我国广大农村地区养老服务供给不平衡的重要补充养老方式之一,但现实仍面临着普及与可持续发展困境。通过中西方互助养老比较分析,二者异质性体现为:互助理念上西方的互惠互利与我国强调单向付出且非强制回报性的差异,经济支持上西方突出个人缴费为主、少量政府及社会支持与我国形成政府集体兜底、个人免费参与的差异,主导力量上西方实现互助个体市场化自我管理与我国政府及集体为主导力量、多元参与的差异,互助文化上西方广泛志愿服务和公共参与同我国养老“私事”化及公共精神缺失的差异。文章建议借鉴国外4个方面互助养老的成功经验,启发、探索我国特色化的农村互助养老可持续发展之路,并提出一些合理化建议。

mutual-aid elderly care is one of the important supplementary pension ways to solve the imbalance of pension service supply in rural areas,but it is still facing the dilemma of popularization and sustainable development.Through the comparative analysis of mutual-aid elderly care between China and the west,the heterogeneity is reflected:the West countries emphasis on mutual benefit and China emphasis on one-way payment and non-mandatory return;the difference between individual payment and a small amount of government and social support in the West and China’s formation of government disclosure and individual free participation,In terms of the leading force,the difference between the realization of individual market-oriented self-management of mutual aid in the West and the diversified participation of Chinese government as the leading force,and the difference between the extensive voluntary service and public participation in the West and the“private affairs”of elderly care and the lack of public spirit in China.Further,the article suggests to learn from the successful experience of foreign mutual aid elderly care in four aspects,inspire and explore the sustainable development road of rural mutual-aid elderly care with Chinese characteristics,and put forward some reasonable suggestions.