北京市昌平区小学生尿中高氯酸盐水平及与交通污染暴露相关性分析

Urinary perchlorate level in primary school students and its correlation with traffic pollutants exposure in Changping district,Beijing,China

目的初步了解北京市小学生尿中高氯酸盐水平及其与交通污染暴露的相关性,为今后我国更大区域性的儿童暴露研究提供重要依据。方法采用固定群组研究的方法,于2018年5—10月选取距离交通主干道<150 m和≥150 m的两所小学中各20名学生为研究对象,连续7天(周一至周日)、每天3次(8:00、11:00、16:00)进行尿样采集,测定尿中高氯酸盐含量,并通过问卷收集小学生基本信息与日常活动情况。结果741份尿样中高氯酸盐检出率为88.53%(检出限:1.00μg/L)。小学生尿中高氯酸盐中位数水平为8.45(4.86,14.39)μg/g肌酐,几何均数水平为7.22μg/g肌酐;距离交通主干道<150 m的学校就读的学生高氯酸盐暴露水平为10.71(6.17,16.34)μg/g肌酐,距离交通主干道≥150 m的学校学生暴露水平为6.95(3.63,11.18)μg/g肌酐。学校是否靠近交通主干道与小学生尿中高氯酸盐水平的相关性具有统计学意义(P=0.002)。结论北京市小学生存在明确的高氯酸盐暴露,且尿中高氯酸盐水平较高,交通污染暴露可能与儿童高氯酸盐暴露水平存在一定的相关性。

Objective To investigate the level of urinary perchlorate in primary school students and its correlation with traffic pollutants exposure in Beijing,so as to provide an important basis for larger regional exposure studies in children in the future.Methods A fixed cohort study was performed to select 20 students from each of two primary schools,where the schools located<150 m and≥150 m away from the main traffic road,respectively,from May to October 2018.Urine samples of the students were collected 3 times a day(8:00,11:00,and 16:00)for 7 consecutive days(Monday to Sunday)to determine the level of perchlorate in urine.Besides,the pupils’basic information and daily activities were collected through questionnaires.Results The detection rate of perchlorate in 741 urine samples was 88.53%(LOD:1.00μg/L).The median level(P_(25),P_(75))and geometric mean level of urinary perchlorate in primary school students were 8.45(4.86,14.39)μg/g creatinine and 7.22μg/g creatinine,respectively.Perchlorate levels were 10.71(6.17,16.34)μg/g creatinine for students whose school is less than 150 m from main traffic roads and 6.95(3.63,11.18)μg/g creatinine for students whose school is more than or equal to 150 m from main traffic roads.The distance between the schools and the main traffic roads was significantly correlated with the urinary perchlorate level in primary school students(P=0.002).Conclusion There is a clear perchlorate exposure in primary school students in Beijing and the level of perchlorate in urine is high.Traffic pollutants exposure may be correlated with the level of urinary perchlorate in children.