城市居民对高温热浪及绿地水体降温效应感知的问卷调查——以西安市城六区为例

Questionnaire survey on the perception of heatwaves and the cooling effect of green spaces and water bodies in urban residents:a case study of six urban districts in Xi’an,Shaanxi Province,China

目的开展城市居民对高温热浪及绿地与水体景观降温效应的感知调查,为城市合理规划与热风险防范提供支撑。方法2021年7月在西安市城六区13个典型公园内收集有效问卷325份,基于卡方检验、Logistic回归分析居民的高温热浪感知现状,探究其对绿地水体降温效应的主观认知及影响因素。结果92.31%的受访者认为高温热浪对自身有影响,女性因高温就医的比重高于男性且表现出了更高的脆弱性(χ2=17.16,P<0.05),月收入对高温感知影响显著(P<0.05),低收入人群较高收入人群感受到的热浪威胁更加强烈。73.23%的受访者认为近年来西安市绿地水体降温效应逐渐加强,认为绿地水体面积、形状会影响其降温效应的受访者分别占79.08%及40.92%,职业以及在西安居住时间是降温效应感知的显著影响因素(P<0.05)。结论西安市居民对绿地与水体景观格局对其降温效应影响作用的认知程度仍有待提高,未来需进一步推进高温热浪预警工作,加强城市居民生态景观降温效应的科普力度。

Objective To explore the perception of heatwaves and the cooling effect of green spaces and water bodies in urban residents,and to provide support for formulating rational urban planning and thermal risk prevention.Methods In July 2021,325 valid questionnaires were collected from 13 typical parks in six urban districts of Xi’an,Shaanxi province,China.Based on Chi-square test and Logistic regression,this paper investigated the residents’perception of heatwaves,subjective cognition and influencing factors on the cooling effect of green spaces and water bodies.Results Overall,92.31%of the respondents believed that heatwaves had an impact on their daily lives.Women had a higher proportion to seek medical treatment due to high temperature than that of men,and they showed higher vulnerability(χ2=17.16,P<0.05).Monthly income had a significant impact on residents’perception of heatwaves(P<0.05).Low-income people felt the threats of heatwaves more strongly than high-income people.Furthermore,73.23%of the respondents believed that water bodies and green spaces in Xi’an had a gradually increasing cooling effect in recent years,and 79.08%and 40.92%of residents believed that the area and shape of ecological landscapes would affect their cooling effect,respectively.Occupation and duration of residence in Xi’an were significant influencing factors for the perception of cooling effect(P<0.05).Conclusion The awareness of the cooling effect of landscape pattern among Xi’an residents still needs to be improved.In the future,it is necessary to promote the early warning of heatwaves and strengthen the popularization and publicity of the cooling effect of urban ecological landscapes.