中国高质量发展的长期生发性与特色优势

The Long-term Generativity and Characteristic Advantages of China’s High-quality Development

从纵向的历史演进来看,中国高质量发展具有长期生发性:新中国成立以来,1949—1977年的探索式发展、1978—2017年的高速增长、2017年以后的高质量发展三个阶段是一脉相承、进阶演进的,没有探索式发展阶段建立的经济基础就不可能有高速增长阶段的经济腾飞,没有高速增长阶段的“数量赶超”也不可能有高质量发展阶段的“质量赶超”,没有探索式发展阶段的社会主义改造和高速增长阶段的改革开放就不可能有高质量发展阶段的制度优势;进入高质量发展阶段具有长期性,高质量发展本身也将长期持续并不断升级。从横向的国家比较来看,与西方发达国家相比,中国的高质量发展具有显著的制度优势,并具有人口规模巨大、稳定持续、平衡充分、自主普惠等特点。中国的高质量发展具有长期性和艰巨性,不能再继续依靠后发优势来寻求“数量赶超”,而要依靠制度优势来实现“质量赶超”,要进一步强化和发挥中国特色社会主义的制度优势,通过中国式现代化全面建成社会主义现代化强国;随着人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾的动态变化,高质量发展也需要不断升级。

In the grand context that high-quality development has become a major strategy in China,it is not only a major task for academics to scientifically and rationally recognize and solve the problems of“where come from”and“where to go”of high-quality development,but also the research on the connotation of high-quality development is of great value in constructing a rational framework for high-quality development and forming a unified general theory in academic circles.However,most of the existing studies have discussed the causes and characteristics of high-quality development from the changes of the main social contradictions,distribution methods and factor inputs.Few have focused on the long-term evolution of high-quality development in China,neglecting the analysis of the internal logic of high-quality development and its future implementation effects.Starting from the spatial and temporal transformation and internal regulation of the“trinity”of politics,economy and society since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,this paper links the characteristics of different periods,historical tasks,development modes,development ideas and development goals of China,explaining the historical path of China’s high-quality development,the historical necessity and the objective fact to be implemented in the long term.In addition,it also discusses the innovative nature and characteristics of China’s high-quality development through cross-sectional comparison of different countries.This paper argues that(1)since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,China’s development can be roughly divided into three stages:exploratory development from 1949 to 1977,high-speed stage from 1978 to 2017,and high-quality development started from 2017.Exploratory development provides important prerequisites for high-speed stage and high-quality development,high-speed stage lays the material,institutional and social foundation for high-quality development,high-quality development is the inevitable form of evolution and upgrading of exploratory development and high-speed stage,and these three stages are inherited and developed;(2)exploratory development,through the implementation of the“system catch-up”strategy,has solved the development problem of“have or have not”of China’s economy and society in an exploratory manner;the high-speed stage,through the implementation of the“quantity catch-up”strategy,has successfully solved the development problem of“rich or not”of China’s economy and society.while the high-quality development,through the implementation of the“quality catch-up”strategy,aims at solving the development problem of“well or not”of China’s economy and society;(3)the people’s pursuit of a better life is difficult to accomplish in the short term,reducing or even breaking the lock-in effect of high-speed development requires long-term efforts,and the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development is complex and varied,leading to the long-term nature of high-quality development.Moreover,China’s path of high-quality development is distinctly different from that of developed countries such as the United States,Europe,Japan and South Korea.It has formed a new development model,path and connotation with innovative characteristics in the process of solving the contradiction between people’s growing need for a better life with unbalanced and inadequate development.The above analysis provides new thoughts for China’s future high-quality development.We should change the form of development,focus on the quality of development,and make good use of the dividends generated by high-quality development to feed back into social construction.