基于数字平台的零工经济研究:多学科多视角的文献评述

Research on Gig Economy Based on Digital Platforms:Literature Review from Multidisciplinary and Multiperspectives

当前,基于数字平台的零工经济带来了诸多机遇和挑战,成为社会各界关注的热点,不同学科的研究者也从不同的研究视角出发对零工经济进行了多样化的研究。采用系统性文献回顾法(Systematic Literature Review)对零工经济研究进行文献综述:首先,在CNKI和WOS数据中以CSSCI、CSCD期刊和SSCI/SCI/JCR的Q2以上分区期刊为范围进行检索得到2009—2022年关于零工经济研究的中英文文献740篇,对其进行学术史梳理发现,国内关于零工经济的研究大致经历了起步、缓慢增长和快速增长3个阶段,但明显滞后于国外研究;然后,基于零工经济的核心要素(数字平台、零工劳动者、用工企业)从行为主体角度提炼出政府、企业和劳动者3个研究视角,同时通过文献编码归纳出劳动法学、宏观经济学、政治经济学、人力资源管理、战略管理和劳动经济学6个研究范畴,由此构建多学科多视角的零工经济文献分析框架。最后,利用该框架对零工经济研究文献进行评述和展望。应进一步拓展零工经济的研究视角和研究范畴,注重跨学科研究,融合多视角研究,改进和创新研究方法,加强实证研究,通过协同开展多学科、多视角、多路径的系统化研究促进零工经济理论体系的形成和完善,并为零工经济实践提供更具针对性的理论指导。

Gig economy based on digital platforms is a new economic form in the digital economy,whose creation and development have brought many opportunities and challenges to enterprises and workers,and has become a hot topic of concern for all sectors of society.At present,researchers from different disciplines have conducted diverse studies on the gig economy from different research perspectives.A multi-disciplinary and multi-perspective review of these studies will help further in-depth research.In this paper,using the Structural Literature Review method,we provide a literature review and research outlook for research on the gig economy.To start with,we searched the literature related to gig economy within the SSCI/SCI/JCR Q2+divisions and CSSCI and CSCD journals in the CNKI and WOS databases,and obtained 165 domestic articles and 575 foreign articles respectively,with the finding that domestic research had significantly lagged foreign research in terms of time.Next,through collating the academic history,we found that domestic research on gig economy had not only been adapted to the practice of digital platforms and gig economy,but had also been influenced by changes in national policies.The research on the gig economy had broadly gone through 3 stages:start-up stage,slow growth stage and rapid growth stage.Then,based on the core elements of gig economy(digital platforms,gig economy laborers and labor-using enterprises),we distilled three research perspectives of the relevant literature from the perspective of participating subject,namely government,enterprises,and laborers.At the same time,the literature was classified into five categories by means of literature codes.Further coding of research perspectives and categories showed that research based on government perspectives mainly focused on three categories in law and economics disciplines:labor law,macroeconomics and political economy,research based on the enterprise perspective mainly focused on the two categories of human resource management and strategic management in management discipline,while research based on the worker perspective mainly focused on the category of labor economics in economics discipline.Based on the above analysis,we constructed a multidisciplinary and multi-perspective framework for analyzing the literature on gig economy.Finally,we used the framework to review and provide an outlook for the research literature on gig economy.At present,gig economy is just unfolding.While driving economic development,it also brings challenges.Many issues in theory and practice are yet to be studied in depth,and new issues are likely to arise continuously.Besides,the theoretical system of gig economy research is not yet mature.Therefore,research perspectives and scope should be further expanded to include more theories from a wider range of disciplines to conduct a comprehensive and systematic study of gig economy.It is necessary to focus on interdisciplinary research and integrate multi-perspective studies to promote the formation and improvement of the theoretical system of gig economy.It is also necessary to improve and innovate research methods,especially to strengthen empirical research,so as to provide more targeted theoretical guidance for the practice of gig economy.Although the gig economy based on digital platforms has only been studied as an independent economic phenomenon since 2009,this paper provides an overview of its academic history and a multidisciplinary and multi-perspective literature review that can still provide important references and insights for the development of systematic gig economy research with multiple disciplines,perspectives and pathways.