透平叶片曲面重构及其五轴数控加工工艺

Surface Reconstruction of Turbine Blade and its Five-Axis CNC Machining Process

【目的】透平叶片属叶片类复杂曲面零件,主要应用在燃气轮机等的发动机上,需要叶片表面质量及轮廓精度的制造工艺要求比较高。透平叶片的曲面造型与精密制造具有较高难度,对损坏的透平叶片进行修复制造,要用到逆向工程技术对叶片的曲面进行重构。根据叶片的结构特点需要使用五轴数控加工技术才能更好地完成加工。【方法】以透平叶片为研究对象,通过光学扫描仪来提取透平叶片样件的点云数据,运用逆向设计软件Geomagic Design X对透平叶片的点云数据进行优化处理和三角形面片化,对透平叶片的快速曲面重构,将透平叶片的实体模型导入CAM软件UG中,进行五轴数控加工工艺分析与自动编程。【结果】通过逆向工程技术能快速构建出高质量的叶片曲面,利用五轴加工技术完成叶片的精密制造。【结论】将快速曲面重构技术与五轴数控加工技术相结合,可实现透平叶片的逆向设计与五轴数控加工,为叶片类零件的修复与再设计提供借鉴和思路。

[Purposes]Turbine blades are complex curved surface parts of blades,which are mainly used in engines such as gas turbines,and have high requirements on the surface quality and contour accuracy of blades after manufacturing.Therefore,the surface modeling and precision manufacturing of turbine blades are difficult,especially for the repair and manufacturing of damaged turbine blades,which requires reverse engineering technology to reconstruct the surface of the blade.At the same time,the structural characteristics of the blade determine that only five-axis CNC machining technology can better complete the processing.[Methods]In this study,the turbine blade was taken as the research object,and the point cloud data of the turbine blade sample was extracted by the optical scanner.The point cloud data of the turbine blade was optimized and triangularized by the reverse design software Geomagic Design X,and the rapid surface reconstruction of the turbine blade was completed.The solid model of the turbine blade was imported into the CAM software UG,and the five-axis CNC machining process analysis and automatic programming were carried out.[Findings]Through reverse engineering technology,high-quality blade surfaces can be quickly constructed,and five-axis machining technology is used to complete the precision manufacturing of blades.[Conclusions]The combination of rapid surface reconstruction technology and five-axis CNC machining technology can realize the reverse design and five-axis CNC machining of turbine blades,and provide reference and ideas for the repair and redesign of blade parts.