行为矫正结合健康信念模式教育对老年性皮肤瘙痒症患者的影响

Effect of Behavior Modification Combined with Health Belief Model Education in Elderly Patients with Skin Pruritus

目的:探讨行为矫正结合健康信念模式教育对老年性皮肤瘙痒症(SP)患者搔抓行为、自我效能及睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2021年1月1日~2022年6月30日收治的92例SP患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组各46例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组实施行为矫正结合健康信念模式教育护理;比较两组干预前后皮肤瘙痒情况(采用皮肤瘙痒症量表)、自我效能[采用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)]、睡眠质量[采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)]及生活质量[采用皮肤病生活质量指数量表(DLQI)]。结果:干预后,两组瘙痒程度、瘙痒频率、累及部位评分均优于干预前(P<0.05),且观察组优于对照组(P<0.01);干预后,两组GSES评分高于干预前(P<0.01),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.01);干预后,两组PSQI中主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物、日间功能评分均低于干预前(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.01);干预后,两组DLQI中症状感受、日常生活、休闲娱乐、工作学习、人际关系、治疗评分均低于干预前(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:行为矫正结合健康信念模式教育可有效改善SP患者瘙痒情况及睡眠质量,提升自我效能和生活质量。

Objective:To explore the effect of behavior modification combined with health belief model education on scratching behavior,self-efficacy and sleep quality in elderly patients with skin pruritus(SP).Methods:A total of 94 patients with SP admitted between January 1,2021 and June 30,2022 were selected as the research subjects,and they were divided into the observation group(behavior modification and health belief model education nursing)and the control group(routine nursing)by the random number table method,with 46 cases in each group.The control group adopted routine nursing,and the observation group implemented behavior modificationa and health belief model education nursing.The skin pruritus by Skin Pruritus Scale,self-efficacy by General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES),sleep quality by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and quality of life by Dermatology Life Quality Index(DLQI)were compared between the two groups.Results:After intervention,the degree of itching,itching,frequency,and involving parts were better in both groups than those before intervention(P<0.05),and those in the observation group were better than these in the control group(P<0.01).After intervention,the scores of GSES in both groups were higher than those before intervention(P<0.01),and those in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.01).After intervention,the subjective sleep quality,sleep time,sleep efficiency,sleep disturbance,hypnotic drugs,and daytime function scores of PSQI were lower in both groups than those before intervention(P<0.05),and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.01).After intervention,the symptom feeling,daily life,entertainment,work and study,interpersonal relationship,and treatment scores were lower than those before intervention(P<0.05),and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion:Behavior modification combined with health belief model education can effectively improve the pruritus status and sleep quality,and enhance the self-efficacy and quality of life in patients with SP.