黑格尔论“教化”与政治文明发展

Hegel on“Bildung”and the Development of Civilization

“教化”(Bildung)是黑格尔哲学的基础概念,有比“教育”“修养”等更深、更广的意义,其含义是把精神从个别性的粗野状态向普遍性的文明状态提升。黑格尔的教化思想对政治文明发展有很好的阐释力:从奴隶制发展为抽象普遍的人格意识;从初级国家的破裂中发展出个人主观的普遍性原则;以主观性原则为基础的现代国家的具体普遍性。这些不断发展的文明阶段表明人类精神获得了越来越高水平的教化。

“Bildung”is a basic concept of Hegel’s philosophy which has broader and deeper meaning than“education”and“cultivation”.Bildung means that spirit has been enhanced from the crude particularity into the civilized universality.Hegel’s doctrine of Bildung can demonstrate the process of the development of political civilization:abstract consciousness of personality developed from slavery;subjective universality developed from the fracture of the primitive states;the concert universality of modern states based on the subjective principle.All of these developing phrases show the higher and higher Bildung of human spirit.