重大突发公共卫生事件背景下应急研发的新型举国体制研究:以新冠疫苗研发为例

Research on the New National System forthe R&D in Emergency in the Context of Major Public Health Emergencies:Taking China's COVID-19 Vaccine R&D as an Example

构建社会主义市场经济条件下的新型举国体制,是新时期科技创新治理体系乃至国家治理体系建设的重要内容之一。本文聚焦重大突发公共卫生事件应用场景,以应急研发的新型举国体制为研究对象,基于新冠疫苗研发案例,集中回答了应急研发采取新型举国体制的必要性以及实现机制的问题。研究发现,新型举国体制依靠制度优势,能够满足重大突发公共卫生事件中应急研发的特殊需求,成为开展应急研发的有效制度安排;应急研发的新型举国体制要想发挥其制度效能,必须重视政府与市场的分工合作、应急研发与常规研发的联系、中央与地方的协同合作,以及国内国际两种资源的统筹协调等关键影响因素的作用;新冠疫苗研发是新型举国体制在关键技术应急研发中的成功运用,其主要实现机制包括领导机制、组织机制、技术攻关机制、技术储备机制、央地协同机制和开放创新机制。

The construction of the new national system under the conditions of the socialist market economy is one of the important contents of the construction of China's S&T and innovation governance system and even the national governance system in the new era.This paper focuses on the application scenarios of major public health emergencies,takes the new national system for the R&D in Emergency as the research object,and concentrates on answering questions about the necessity of adopting the new national system for the R&D in Emergency and the realization mechanism based on the case of China's COVID-19 vaccine R&D.The study found that the new national system,relying on institutional advantages,can meet the special needs of R&D in major public health emergencies,and has become an effective institutional arrangement for the R&D in Emergency.The study also found that in order to exert its institutional effectiveness,the new national system for the R&D in emergency must pay attention to the role of some key influencing factors,including the division of labor and cooperation between the government and the market,the connection between the R&D in emergency and the R&D in normal,the collaboration between the central and local governments,and the overall coordination of domestic and international resources,etc.The COVID-19 vaccine R&D is the successful application of the new national system for the R&D in Emergency of key technologies.The main realization mechanisms include leadership mechanism,organizational mechanism,technology tackling mechanism,technology reserve mechanism,central-local coordination mechanism and open innovation mechanism.