论马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的哲学思想

On the Philosophical Thought in Marx′s The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是马克思将哲学批判与政治经济学论证相结合的著作,因此澄清马克思政治经济学研究所处的哲学视域显得尤为重要。马克思在这一时期的哲学思想来源是费尔巴哈和黑格尔,但从整体上看,马克思已经超越了他们。这有赖于马克思物质第一性原则和实践原则的萌芽。物质第一性原则打破了黑格尔思维内部不停息的旋转,但并不等同于形而上学的旧唯物主义;实践原则摒弃了费尔巴哈的直观,将自然地联系起来的人上升到了社会,将感性对象性理解为活动。在此意义上,不应将《手稿》贬低为“不成熟的作品”,而应当认为《手稿》是“马克思哲学的秘密和诞生地”。

The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844is Marx′s work combining philosophical criticism and political economy argumentation.Therefore,it is particularly important to clarify the philosophical horizon in which Marx studied political economy.The source of Marx′s philosophical thought in this period was Feuerbach and Hegel,but on the whole,Marx had surpassed them,which depended on the germination of Marx′s first principle of matter and practical principle.The first principle of matter breaks the constant rotation within Hegel′s thinking,but it is not equivalent to the old materialism of metaphysics;the principle of practice abandons Feuerbach′s intuition,and raises the naturally connected man to society,with perceptual objectivity understood as activity.In this sense,we must not belittle The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 as"a rather amateurish effort",instead,we should consider it as"the secret and birthplace of Marx′s philosophy".