贾侠相济:明清徽商“任侠”之风述略

Merchants and Chivalrous Men Exist together:Study on the Style of“Fashion of Chivalry”in Hui Merchants of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期,徽商“任侠”风气盛行。许多徽商在行商的过程中践行侠之行为准则,进而成为亦商亦侠的“侠商”。徽商任侠之风的形成受到时代大背景以及身处小徽州两方面的影响。但无论徽商任侠抑或好儒,其在“名”和“利”两方面都产生了不可忽视的影响。徽商任侠和徽商好儒品质一样,被看作是徽商的一种独立的精神风貌。同时亦应注意到徽商无论是“好儒”或是“任侠”,都只是在特定时代下寻求的一种身份认同,传统的士商关系并未改变。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the spirit of“fashion of chivalry”prevailed among Hui Merchants.Many Hui merchants practiced the code of conduct of chivalry in the process of business,and then became“chivalrous merchants”who were both merchants and chivalrous men.Hui merchants are influenced by the background of the times and their living environment in small Huizhou.However,no matter whether the Hui merchants have a fashion of chivalry or have the Confucian ethos,their influence on the Hui merchants cannot be ignored in both“fame”and“profit”.The fashion of chivalry should be regarded as an independent spirit of Hui merchants,as well as the quality of emphasizing Confucianism by them.At the same time,it should be noted that both“emphasizing Confucianism”and“advocating chivalry”are just a kind of identity sought by Hui merchants in a specific era,and the traditional relationship between intellectuals and businessmen has not changed.