代际规则下农村家庭日常生活中的养老困境——以河南省新乡市D村为例

The Pension Dilemma in the Daily Life of Rural Families under the Intergenerational Rule--Taking D Village,Xinxiang City,Henan Province as an Example

调研发现,农村老人普遍处于一种"有人养,但过得苦"的生活状态,具体表现为"挣扎"的底线生存、无着的情感寄托以及边缘的家庭地位。农民家庭内部的代际互动以权责清晰的规则为基础,这套规则看似公平,实则反映了村庄家庭伦理规范的没落,在这套规则之下,子代追求的是当前的、及时性的资源交换,追求的是资源交换过程中的形式公平。这套规则使传统的温情脉脉的父子亲情变成了冷若冰霜的理性计算,导致了农村老人日常生活中的养老危机。

The survey found that the rural elderly are generally in a life state of"being supported but living a hard life",which is specifically manifested in the "struggling"bottom line survival,the lack of emotional sustenance and the marginal family status.The inter generational interaction within farmers^families is based on the rules with clear rights and responsibilities.This set of rules seems fair,but in fact reflects the decline o£village family ethics.Under this set of rules?the offspring pursue the current and timely resource exchange,and the formal fairness in the process of resource exchange.This set of rules turns the traditional tender affection between father and son into a cold and rational calculation,which leads to the pension crisis in the daily life of the rural elderly.