新世纪关于20世纪50年代爱国卫生运动研究综述

A Review of Research on the Patriotic Health Movement of the 1950s since the 21st Century

新中国成立初期,在党和政府的号召下,由中央到地方兴起了一场旨在抵制美军"细菌战",改善居民生活环境的群众性爱国卫生运动。全国各地在这场运动开展后陆续建立起了爱国卫生运动委员会,这一运动也在抗美援朝战争结束后逐渐转向常态。进入21世纪以来,学界对20世纪50年代这场爱国卫生运动的关注日益提升,2010年之前多以传统历史叙事下的宏观叙述为主。近十年来,伴随着研究者对各地档案资料、口述史料的挖掘与解读,20世纪50年代爱国卫生运动的研究开始关注微观环境,出现"自上而下"的贯彻落实和"自下而上"的效果反馈两种范式,从而更好地还原这段历史的本来面目。

At the beginning of the founding of P.R.China,under the call of the Party and the government,a mass patriotic sanitation campaign was launched from the central to the local level to resist"gerni warfare,,by the U.S.military and to improve the living environment of the residents.Patriotic sanitation committees were established throughout the country after the campaign was launched,and the campaign gradually shifted to normal after the end of the war against the United States and South Korea.Since the 21st century,scholarly attention to this patriotic health movement in the 1950s has been increasing,but before 2010 it was mostly a macro narrative under the traditional historical narrative.In the past decade,along with the excavation and interpretation of archival materials and oral histories from a-round the world,the study o£the patriotic health movement in the 1950s has begun to focus on the microcosm,with the emergence of a"top-down"implementation and a"bottom-up"feedback.Two paradigms have emerged to better restore the original face of this period o£history.