中国茶在欧洲早期传播的历史进路

The Historical Route of the Early Spread of Chinese Tea in Europe

中国茶在欧洲早期的传播主要通过航海家、传教士、商人、医生、植物学家、贵族等多元主体在东方探索中的茶事活动展开,总体上呈现出闻茶、食茶、识茶的历史进路。在此过程中,人们对茶的印象主要发轫于各类通信游记的文献传播和口口相传的见闻想象,一度存在着对茶的神圣化和污名化的认知偏差与误读,茶叶成为东方想象和集体记忆下的意向符号。随着茶叶商品进入欧洲,精英阶层在饮茶消费时尚的形成中发挥了引领作用,普通大众基于身体关切的茶健康需求日益扩大。在各国对中国茶的认知需求不断深入的情况下,茶作为异域文化的他者误读被逐渐澄清,并在茶植物学、茶医学、茶化学等方面得到了在地化发展。

The early spread of Chinese tea in Europe was mainly carried out through tea activities in the exploration of the East by multiple subjects such as navigators,missionaries,businessmen,doctors,botanists and nobles.In general,it showed the historical route of smelling,drinking and recognizing tea,of which people’s impression of tea mainly originated from the literature transmission of various travel notes and the imagination of oral transmission.There was once a cognitive bias and misreading of the sanctification and stigmatization of tea,and tea became the symbolic intention for the imagination of the East and collective memory.With the introduction of tea products into Europe,the elite class played a leading role in forming the fashion of tea consumption and the public demand for tea based on physical concerns was growing.As foreign countries have deepened their cognitive needs of Chinese tea,the misreading of tea as a type of foreign culture has gradually been clarified,and has been localized in tea botany,medicine,chemistry and other aspects.