氢燃料电池列车能量管理策略研究综述

Review on Energy Management Strategy of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trains

在全球持续变暖以及整个交通领域需要快速、持续脱碳的背景下,使用清洁、节能的交通工具将成为未来的发展趋势。氢燃料电池列车因为性能优良、无污染、噪声小等对环境友好的特点而受到了广泛关注。由于氢燃料电池存在输出特性偏软、寿命较低、无法进行能量回收等问题,单独使用燃料电池作为动力源无法满足列车运行过程中的复杂工况,因此,目前的氢燃料电池列车普遍采用燃料电池与辅助电源(超级电容、锂离子电池等)以串联或者并联的方式联合为动力系统供电。能量管理策略的研究是燃料电池动力系统的关键内容之一,文章梳理了氢燃料电池混合动力系统的能量管理策略(包括基于规则的方法、基于优化的方法等)及其实现流程,同时整理并总结了国内外氢燃料电池列车上使用的能量管理策略,并在这些策略基础上探究了基于频率解耦、强化学习等方法实现能量管理的新兴能量管理策略。

Under the background of global warming with increasing need for rapid and continuous decarbonization in the whole transportation field,clean and energy-saving transportation will become the future development trend.Hydrogen fuel cell trains have attracted wide attention because of their excellent performance,no pollution,low noise and other environmental friendly characteristics.However due to the disadvantages of hydrogen fuel cell,such as soft output characteristics,short life,and inability to recover energy,the use of fuel cell as a power source alone cannot meet the complex working conditions during train operation.Therefore,the current hydrogen fuel cell trains generally use fuel cells and auxiliary power supplies(supercapacitors,lithium ion batteries,etc.)in series or in parallel to supply power to the power system.The research of energy management strategy is one of the key contents of fuel cell power system.This paper reviews the energy management strategies(including rule-based methods,optimization-based methods,etc.)and their implementation processes of hydrogen fuel cell hybrid power system,sorts out and summarizes the energy management strategies used in hydrogen fuel cell trains at home and abroad,and explores the emerging energy management strategies based on frequency decoupling and reinforcement learning.