类器官技术及其在肿瘤研究中的应用

Organoid technology and its applications in cancer research

类器官指利用成体干细胞或多能干细胞进行体外三维(3D)培养而形成具有一定空间结构的组织类似物。肿瘤组织来源的类器官可维持原发肿瘤组织的异质性,与其有高度相似的空间组织结构和对应组织器官功能,相对于传统二维细胞系培养和肿瘤组织异种移植,肿瘤组织来源的类器官保留了肿瘤的异质性,且在研究过程中维持了肿瘤组织的微环境,为肿瘤药物研发提供更真实的模型,使得肿瘤药物更快地应用于临床,真正实现肿瘤的个体化治疗,并且类器官的构建成功率明显增高,成本低、周期短。目前无论是患者的正常组织还是肿瘤组织,都可以实现高效的类器官建立,利用类器官技术建立的肿瘤相关模型可促进抗肿瘤药物的研发及精准医疗的发展,促进肿瘤从基础研究到临床实践的转化。本文概述了类器官技术在肿瘤研究中的优势及其在抗肿瘤药物研究中的应用。

Organoids refer to tissue analogues with a certain spatial structure formed by three-dimensional(3D)culture of adult stem cells or pluripotent stem cells in vitro.Organoids derived from tumor tissue can maintain the heterogeneity of primary tumor tissue and have highly similar spatial structures and functions of corresponding tissues and organs.Compared with traditional two-dimensional cell line culture and tumor tissue xenotransplantation,organoids derived from tumor tissue retain the heterogeneity of tumor tissue and maintain the microenvironment of tumor tissue during the research process.It provides a more realistic model for the research and development of cancer drugs,makes cancer drugs more quickly applied in clinical practice,truly realizes the individualized treatment of cancer,and significantly increases the success rate of organoid construction with low cost and short cycle.At present,both normal tissues and tumor tissues of patients can realize efficient organoid establishment.Tumor-related models established by organoid technology can promote the research and development of anti-tumor drugs and the development of precision medicine,and promote the transformation of tumors from basic research to clinical practice.This paper summarizes the advantages of organoid technology in cancer research and its application in antitumor drug research.