模拟退火法地表一致性剩余静校正在海洋电火花数据中的应用

Application of Monte-Carlo Surface-consistent Residual Statics in Marine Spark Source Seismic Data

近年来由于电火花震源技术的不断成熟,在海洋地震勘探中的应用越来越多,尤其是在海洋浅层地质勘探、井场调查等勘探项目中;相对于气枪震源,电火花震源采集时电缆沉放深度较浅,电缆深度受海浪影响起伏较大,同时纵向分辨率较高,地震数据对电缆沉放深度较为敏感,使得地震信号受电缆起伏、海浪等影响同相轴存在无规则抖动现象,这种抖动在叠加剖面上表现为同相轴连续性差,会影响地震资料解释的精度。本次研究分析了电火花地震数据静校正问题产生的原因,介绍了模拟退火法地表一致性剩余静校正的方法原理,并通过理论模型验证了该方法的可靠性,最后在电火花高分辨率浅层地质调查数据进行实际应用,较好地解决了数据中的静校正问题,静校正后电火花地震数据的层位连续性更强,并且真实的地质特征得到有效恢复。

In recent years,due to the continuous development of electric spark sources,more and more applications are conducted in marine seismic data exploration,especially in marine shallow geological exploration,well site survey,etc.Compared with the air gun source,the cable depth of the electric spark source is more shallow,and varies greatly under the influence of sea waves.At the same time,due to the high resolution,the seismic data is more sensitive to the cable depth,which makes the seismic signal jitter irregular.The jitter makes the continuity of the event on the stack section poor,which affects the accuracy of seismic data interpretation.This paper analyzes the reason of static correction problems in spark seismic data,introduces the principle of simulated annealing method of surface consistent residual static correction,and verifies the reliability of this method through a theoretical model.Finally,good results have been achieved in the practical application of the spark high resolution shallow geological survey data.After static correction,the layer continuity of the spark seismic data is stronger,and the real geological characteristics are effectively restored.