城市更新视角下建筑优化找形方法研究

Architectural Form-Finding Optimisation From the Perspective of Urban Renewal

以往的建筑改造设计聚焦于建筑单体本身的改造诉求,主要涵盖空间、围护结构以及内装体系。然而,在城市更新背景下,建筑改造的内涵超出建筑自身的技术范畴,延伸到城市界面、公共空间活力、微气候环境等领域,形成更加复杂的设计问题。找形设计是解决复杂设计问题实现形态创新的有效途径,但其在城市更新改造中的应用潜力尚未被发掘。以城市环境特征为切入点,结合案例分析,提出一种整合建筑形态、结构和空间视域的优化找形方法。基于参数化平台,建立结构性能驱动的优化找形和综合视域分析的多目标优化找形路径,并通过单目标和多目标两种优化策略,分析变量简化方案以及综合变量的映射关系。在不同场地限制条件下,可实现实时快速生成综合力学性能和空间视域要求的建筑布局,并帮助建筑师掌握各环境要素和设计结果的关联性和规律性,有利于在建筑改造设计中激活城市空间活力。

Previously,architectural reconstruction has focused on the renovation demands of buildings,including space,envelope structure,and interior decoration systems.However,architectural reconstruction reaches beyond the technical aspects of buildings and extends to urban interfaces,public space vitality,and microclimate environment in the context of urban regeneration.As result,design problems are more complicated.For example,during building renewal in historic districts,the layout of structures may be in conflict with underground municipal pipelines,the location of cultural relics,and the surrounding buildings.The new building layout must not only maximise exhibition interface,but also consider the needs of the street’s existing public and private spaces.This creates tensions between architectural form,structural performances,and economical efficiency.Faced with challenging site restrictions and the harsh environmental requirements of urban architecture,particularly performance indexes,design routes based on pattern language still have some limitations regarding combining modelling patterns and structural layout selection.However,there is a current lack of performance-oriented design routes based on technical logic,resulting in significant limitations on design creation.Form-finding design is an effective way to solve complex design problems and achieve morphological innovation.This is a logic-oriented process which uses uncertain conditions as variables and places structural analysis before morphological generation.It supports performance-oriented creation by building technical logic.Compared with traditional modelling which focuses on fixed forms,the form-finding design method stimulates innovation and solves problems by starting from"divergence"and"exploration",thus allowing the potential to adapt to complicated environments.The form-finding design method has been used in the creation of structural forms such as the shell structural findings of Torroza and Candela,and the structural topological optimisation form-finding used in the Taal International Convention Centre designed by Isozaki.The potential for form-finding design to revolutionise urban renewal has not yet been explored.Presently,the strategic development goals of urban renewal require new requirements for interdisciplinary technological innovation.With this context,form-finding design should be based on structural performance with consideration for green performance,multi-objective optimisation,and more extensive design scope.The reconstruction project of Changsha Tianfugong Square was studied,through which an optimisation form-finding method integrating architectural form,structure,and spatial fields of vision was proposed.Based on the parametric platform,a multi-objective form-finding model coupling structural performances and visibility was established.The mapping relations of comprehensive variables were analysed through single-objective and multi-objective optimisation paths.Moreover,variable screening and simplification strategies were proposed.Given different field constraints,architectural layouts that meet the requirements of mechanical performance and spatial field of view can be generated quickly in real time during the conceptual scheme stage.It also helps architects comprehend association and laws of environmental factors and design outcomes. The optimised form-finding design integrates optimisation, evaluation, and morphological exploration and thereby adapts effectively to the architectural reconstruction of other environmental types. It can help designers evolve beyond an inherently empirical mode and explore more innovative, economical, and diversified building schemes in uncertain urban environments.