跑步频率与街区环境特征关联研究——基于街景图片和公众参与地理信息系统视角

The Correlation between Running Frequency and Environmental Characteristics:A Case Study from the Perspective of Street View Images and Public Participation GIS

街区环境与体力活动的关联研究大多聚焦于家庭地点附近的地理单元,但跑步、骑行等线性活动覆盖的空间范围较广,因此传统的、以家为中心生成缓冲区的方法难以体现跑步活动实际的发生地点。通过公众参与地理信息系统获取赫尔辛基居民的跑步路径,生成不同尺度线缓冲区,结合谷歌街景图像、城市开放数据库、卫星图像等渠道获取的街区环境指标,构建多项逻辑回归模型分析街区环境特征和个人因素对跑步频率的影响程度。研究发现,街景绿视率是影响跑步频率的主导因素,对跑步意愿有积极影响。高区域坡度也能显著提升跑步积极性,而高道路交叉口密度对跑步频率有消极影响。性别、年龄、教育水平对跑步频率积极性也有显著作用。结合跑步频率与街区环境的关系,从提升跑步活动积极性出发进行空间分析,为街区健康环境优化和更新提供理论依据。

Community health issues are increasing due to the imbalance between the social and economic functions of cities,the dramatic reductions in urban land,and the advent of motorised transportation during rapid urbanisation.Physical activities such as running are an effective exercise to maintain public health and prevent chronic diseases.Studies on the correlation between street environment and physical activities often focus on geographical units close to home locations.However,linear activities like running and biking cover an extensive spatial range.Hence,the traditional method of generating buffer zones by centring the home does not accurately reflect the actual locations of running activities.Selection of green environmental indicators is limited by difficulties in street image data acquisition,and it is difficult to perform a large-scale and refined calculation of the Green View Index.Hence,previous studies hardly consider the influences of the Green View Index.which can indicate the impact of the three-dimensional spatial greening effect on physical activities.The running routes of Helsinki residents(N=545)were acquired by public participation in GIS,thus generating varying scales of linear buffer zones.Street environmental indicators,such as NDVI,Green View Index,green space density,hydrophilic space density,pedestrian density,road intersection density,traffic light density,public transport station density,population density,regional slope,and land use hybrid entropy were all quantified.A multi-term logistic regression model was built by using running frequency as the dependent variable to analyse street environmental characteristics and the influences of individual factors on running frequency.Results showed that streetscape greenery was the dominant factor influencing running frequency and had a positive impact on running behaviours.The positive correlation between street greening rate and running frequency further indirectly verified the positive effects of urban greenland on public health.Higher slopes in a region tended to increase running frequency.Furthermore,people with different motivations for running may have various environmental needs.For example,casual joggers enjoy environments full of vitality,such as social communication activities similar to pedestrians.Conversely,athletic runners prefer paths which have fewer interactions with other road users,higher terrain slopes,and more challenging conditions.Intersection density may decrease enthusiasm for running.Appropriate running environments help runners maintain a speed,improve sport performances,and decrease the probability of injuries.Given a higher intersection density,runners are more easily influenced by other traffic users,thus decreasing their running speed and destroying motion continuity.Gender,age,and education background also have significantly positive effects on running frequency.Running frequency of people with lower willingness to exercise is mainly influenced by individual factors,while running frequency of runners with moderate willingness to exercise can be improved significantly by improving green environment and traffic environmental quality.To create cities friendly to physical activities like running,urban environmental renewal should not be limited within greenland areas,green coverage,and other traditionally-indicated areas in the future.Instead,it should focus on improving street greening quality.For example,streets with low green coverage can be improved by strengthening vertical greening.Moreover,attention must be paid to permeability and accessibility of greenways and green corridors which connect these public greenlands,because isolated urban greenlands are less likely to encourage running activities.Ultimately,running behaviours can be increased effectively by establishing comprehensive running path networks with appropriate infrastructure and sufficient three-dimensional greening.