东江三角洲水乡景观的尺度层级表征

Scale Level Characterization of Waterside Landscape in Dongjiang River Delta

东江三角洲水网密度高,水乡景观风貌特色鲜明。运用风景园林学的景观层次法,采用ArcGIS技术,并结合舆图对比,以东江三角洲水乡景观为研究对象,从区域尺度层级、聚落尺度层级、节点尺度层级探讨东江三角洲水乡景观表征。在区域尺度层级,阐明东江三角洲依水系演变呈现出的三类结构性景观特征;在聚落尺度层级,以17个典型聚落作为样本,揭示水乡景观在聚落防御、生产、生活所呈现的营造特征;在节点尺度层级,对应区域尺度层级和聚落尺度层级,选取典型水乡景观节点,分析自然景观、社会景观与人文景观的呈现特征,以期为岭南水乡景观风貌特色的保护和延续提供理论借鉴和方法参考。

The Dongjiang River Delta has a high density of water networks and carries the distinctive features of a waterside landscape.As the characteristic corridor in the east coastal section of Lingnan Pastoral Water Village constructed by Guangdong Wanli Green Road,the Dongjiang River Delta is a typical Lingnan waterside area.In this study,the waterside landscape characterization in the Dongjiang River Delta was discussed from perspectives of regional scale hierarchy,settlement scale hierarchy,and node scale hierarchy by combining the landscape hierarchy process of landscape architecture,ArcGIS technology,and map comparisons.In terms of regional scale hierarchy,the waterside landscape in Dongjiang River Delta presented unique three-staged variation characteristics with diachronic water-land changes and synchronic natural differences.Three types of characteristics were analyzed and summarized by combining the geographic information from ArcGIS and maps,mainly manifested as the structural landscape features of the junction and parallel extension of two rivers in the upper reach,a braided river system with strip juxtaposition in the middle reach,and a widening estuary with annular wrapping.In terms of settlement scale hierarchy,diversified and abundant sample screening was conducted.A total of 17 typical waterside settlements were chose in the upper reach,middle reach,and estuary of the Dongjiang River Delta to disclose the disaster prevention of waterside settlement landscapes formed to resist flooding pressure.These landscapes share characteristics of building dikes and digging ponds to build an overall defense system.The production landscapes formed by land reclamation and base-pond construction are manifested by water around fields and forests,boating in fields,the presence of fish swimming,walkable grass,and foundations and ponds everywhere.The landscapes for living formed by the combination of disaster prevention and production activities are manifested by villages along the river,with water diversion and pond digging in the upper reach,water inflow into villages to form a surface layout in the middle reach,and streams around villages and the harmonious development of water,farmland,and village at the estuary.Due to differences in regional scale hierarchy and diversity of settlement scale hierarchy,there are rich node scale hierarchies.As a result,typical waterside landscape nodes that can reflect ecological and humanistic wisdom were chosen in accordance with regional scale hierarchy and settlement scale hierarchy.The natural landscape represented by ecological corridors,the social landscape represented by trade relics,and the cultural landscape represented by folk nostalgia were analyzed,thus reflecting the landscape nodes with comprehensive expressions of natural adaptability,social adaptability,and cultural adaptability.The waterside landscapes of the Dongjiang River Delta not only reflect typical landscape features of a Lingnan waterside area,but also show the characteristic landscapes formed by natural base evolution and artificial reconstruction in history,which are different from those in the Xijiang River and Beijiang River Deltas.Therefore,the exploration of waterside landscapes in the Dongjiang River Delta is conducive to further study of Lingnan waterside landscapes,promoting the protection and inheritance of unique landscape features,and providing theoretical and practical references to promote construction and quality improvement of human settlements in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.