政策工具视角下疫情防控政策特征、框架分析

Analysis on the Characteristics and Framework of Epidemic Prevention and Control Policies from the Perspective of Policy Tools

[目的/意义]政策工具是保证疫情防控政策顺利实施的重要手段,我国取得举世瞩目的抗疫成绩离不开各种政策工具的组合使用,因此深入研究疫情防控政策中各种类型政策工具的使用对于巩固我国的抗疫成果、进一步避免疫情的局部暴发具有重要意义。[方法/过程]以国家层面的71份防疫政策为研究对象,采用新的政策工具视角对政策文本进行编码,对编码内容展开内容和频数分析,构建“对象—政策工具”的二维分析框架,并使用Gephi社交网络分析软件形成二者的关系联结图。[结果/结论]对于疫情防控,总体上更倾向采用管理性政策工具,政治性、经济性、社会性政策工具的使用较少。针对政策工具面向的不同对象,基本形成了以“政府—管理性/政治性,事业单位—管理性,企业—经济性,人员—社会性”的联结关系。

[Purpose/significance]Policy tools are important means to ensure the smooth implementation of COVID-19 prevention and control policies.China’s remarkable achievements in the fight against COVID-19 can’t be separated from the combination of vari⁃ous policy tools.Therefore􀆯an in-depth study of the use of various types of policy tools in epidemic prevention and control policies is of great significance for consolidating China’s achievements in the fight against epidemic and further avoiding local outbreaks of epidemic.[Method/process]This study takes 71 epidemic prevention policies at the national level as the research objects􀆯encodes the policy texts from the perspective of new policy tools􀆯analyzes the content and frequency of the encoded content􀆯constructs a two-dimensional a⁃nalysis framework of“object-policy tool”􀆯and uses Gephi social network analysis software to form a connection diagram between the two.[Result/conclusion]For epidemic prevention and control􀆯management policy tools are more preferred􀆯while political􀆯economic and so⁃cial policy tools are less used.According to the different objects of policy tools􀆯the connection relationship of“government-management/politics􀆯public institutions-management􀆯enterprise-economy􀆯personnel-society”is basically formed.