人工栽培条件下森林草莓花粉活力和萌发状况观测

The pollen vigor and germination in Fragaria vesca

为研究人工栽培条件下森林草莓花粉活力和萌发状况,以生长不同时期的森林草莓花蕾为材料,显微镜下观察了花粉形态,I-KI染色法测定花粉活力,在含硼酸和钙的液体培养基上进行了花粉粒的萌发试验。结果表明:未开花的小蕾、中蕾、大蕾和开花初期、开花盛期,花粉的形态、活力和萌发状况各不相同。大蕾花药中的花粉多数较大呈圆形,周边形状饱满,呈黄橙色,花粉活力高,且萌发率高,花粉管生长长度也较长。大蕾期前的小蕾、中蕾时期以及之后的开花初期、开花盛期,花粉较小,周边形状不规则,花粉活力均不高,且萌发率也很低,花粉管短。说明森林草莓大蕾期是花粉活力和萌发率最高的时期,适宜进行杂交授粉或贮藏。

In order to study the pollen vigor and germination status of Fragaria vesca,the flower buds at different growth stages were used as materials.Pollen morphology was observed under a microscope,pollen vigor was determined by I-KI staining method,and the germination was carried out on a liquid medium containing boric acid and calcium.The results showed that the pollen morphology,vigor and germination status were different for the small buds,medium buds,large buds(which were not flowering),blossoming and blooming periods.The pollen in the big bud anthers was mostly large and round,with full peripheral shape,yellow-orange,high pollen vigor,high germination rate,and long pollen tube length.In the small bud and medium bud periods before the large bud period,the blossoming and blooming periods afterwards,the pollen was small,the surrounding shape was irregular,the pollen vigor was not high,germination rate was also very low,and the pollen tube was short.It indicates that the large bud stage of Fragaria vesca is the period with the highest pollen vigor and germination rate,which is suitable for hybrid pollination or storage.