三峡库区坡耕地利用转型及其社会经济-生态环境影响——以奉节县为例

Transformation of sloping farmland use and its socio-economic and eco-environment impact in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area:Taking Fengjie County as an example

探究典型生态脆弱区坡耕地利用转型及其对区域社会经济-生态环境的影响,对于合理利用山区坡耕地资源、实现社会经济-生态环境系统可持续发展具有重要意义。基于奉节县2000、2010、2020年土地利用数据,采用坡耕地利用形态转型测度、社会经济发展水平和生态环境质量评价等方法,揭示山区坡耕地利用转型的一般规律,综合定量探究坡耕地利用转型对区域社会经济、生态环境的影响,并测量对其耦合变化类型的驱动机理。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年奉节县坡耕地面积整体缩减,以廊道和边缘斑块坡耕地形态减少为主,减少的坡耕地主要向具有生态功能的林地和生态经济功能的园地转换;(2)社会经济发展水平和生态环境质量整体均呈增长趋势,且区域差异显著,前者呈“长江河谷区高—山区低”的分布格局,后者呈“长江河谷区低—山区高”的空间格局;(3)坡耕地利用转型对社会经济发展-生态环境质量耦合响应类型可以归纳为社会经济-生态环境同步发展型、社会经济发展-生态滞后型、社会经济滞后-生态恢复型、社会经济发展水平偏低型和生态环境质量偏低型5种;(4)社会经济-生态环境变化的各类型主要受到坡耕地利用强度、土地利用多样性、距县行政中心距离等因子驱动,且整体上社会经济因素的影响作用大于自然因素。

Exploring the sloping farmland use transformation in typically ecologically fragile areas and its impact on regional socio-economic and eco-environment is of great significance to make rational use of sloping farmland resources in mountainous areas and realize the sustainable development of socio-economic and eco-environment system.Based on the land use data of Fengjie County in 2000,2010 and 2020,the methods of measurement of the transformation of sloping farmland use morphology,and evaluation of the level of socio-economic development and eco-environment quality are adopted.This paper reveals the general law of sloping farmland use transformation in the mountainous areas,comprehensively and quantitatively explores the impact of sloping farmland use transformation on regional socio-economic and eco-environment,and measures the driving mechanism of its coupling change types.The results show that:(1)from 2000 to 2020,the area of sloping farmland in Fengjie County reduced as a whole,mainly in the morphology of corridors and marginal patches,and the reduced sloping farmland was mainly converted to forest land with ecological function and orchard with ecological and economic function;(2)The level of socio-economic development and the quality of eco-environment showed an overall growth trend,and there existed significantly regional differences.The former showed a distribution pattern of high in the Yangtze River Valley-low in the mountainous area,and the latter showed a spatial pattern of low in the Yangtze River Valley-high in the mountainous area;(3)The coupling response types of sloping farmland use transformation to socio-economic development and eco-environmental quality can be summarized into five types:socio-economic and eco-environmental synchronous development type,socio-economic development and ecological retarded type,socio-economic retarded and ecological restoration type,low socio-economic development level type and low eco-environmental quality type;(4)Various types of socio-economic and eco-environment changes are mainly driven by factors such as sloping farmland use intensity,land use diversity and distance from the county administrative center.On the whole,the influence of socio-economic factors is greater than that of natural factors.