基于动词活动度和形容词描写度的 《道经》——《德经》文本计量风格研究

A Stylometric Analysis on Daojing and Dejing based on Activity and Descriptivity

一直以来,有学者认为,在内容和写作风格上,《道德经》的上下篇《道经》和《德经》是相互独立的篇章,甚至还有学者认为《道经》和《德经》是出自不同的作者。然而,由于研究方法的局限性,这一主张仍然存在争议。为了解决这一问题,本研究采用了计量语言学的两个指标,动词活动度和形容词描写度,来分析《道经》和《德经》的内部句法特征,以验证两个语篇是否具有独立性。本研究得到如下结果:1)卡方检验显示两个语篇都是活动度显著高的文本;2)U检验结果表明,两个文本的活动度没有显著差异;3)随着语篇的发展,动词和形容词的分布呈现出一种协同关系,表明了语篇发展的一个动态而复杂的自我调节过程。总之,从计量风格学角度来看,尤其是在活动度和描写度两个指标上,《道经》和《德经》不是彼此独立的篇章。

It has been qualitatively evidenced that Daojing and Dejing,the two sections of DaoDejing,are independent of each other in content,style and authorship.However,this claim remains controversial because there has been scant quantitative study of them that probes into their syntactic structure to quantitatively evidence the independence due to methodological challenges to quantitative approaches.To address this problem,the present study employed two indexes of quantitative linguistics,activity and descriptivity,to capture the syntactic features of the inner structure of Daojing and Dejing to validate the independence as of the above.Results of this study reveal that 1)the chi-square test shows that both sections are significantly active texts;2)the u test shows that the two texts do not differ from each other significantly in terms of activity;3)with the development of the text,a synergic relationship is found in the distribution of verbs and adjectives,indicative of a dynamic and complex self-regulating process of the text development.To conclude,contrary to the claim of prior studies that they were written by different authors,our stylometric study has quantitatively demonstrated that Daojing and Dejing are not independent of each other stylistically,esp.in terms of activity and descriptivity.