日本红鳍东方鲀养殖产业发展现状及启示

Development and Enlightenment of Tiger Puffer Farming Industry in Japan

推进水产养殖现代化,是保障粮食安全、提升全人类福祉的重要途径之一。作为全球最大的水产养殖经济体,中国的水产养殖业的现代化对全球而言意义深远。日本红鳍东方鲀产业养殖起源较早,技术水平较高,制度管理较为成熟。“他山之石可以攻玉”,学习借鉴日本的红鳍东方鲀养殖技术,对中国水产养殖现代化具有一定借鉴意义。现阶段,日本红鳍东方鲀种苗繁育中,种苗场主要利用全人工育苗技术保障种苗的稳定生产,且已成功开发具有高附加价值的新品种。养殖模式有网箱养殖和工厂养殖,主产地以开放式网箱养殖为主,利用配合饵料进行育肥养成。在河鲀养殖产业的制度管理方面,各地区实施标准化养殖户认证制度。认证制度为区域公用品牌提供了基础,从而保障养殖利润,为科研创新及推广新市场提供动力。中国红鳍东方鲀养殖的生产方式以资源依赖和劳动密集型为主,存在着养殖技术水平较低,产品差别化不明显等问题。为升级中国河鲀养殖产业乃至海水鱼养殖业的现代化进程,提出加强原创技术研发、加强先进技术引进,促进产业升级建立产业绿色发展策略,培育国内市场等建议。

Japan’s tiger puffer aquaculture has high level of technology and well-designed regulatory framework.At the present stage,artificial breeding is widely used for ensuring the stable supply of juvenile fish.Research institutes also developed new species with higher added value.There are two aquaculture systems:open net pen system and land based aquaculture system.Cage farming has been widely used in the main producing areas,farmed tiger puffer were fed with commercial pellet feed.In terms of institutional management of the tiger puffer aquaculture,standardized farmer certification system was implemented in each region,which had provided the basis for the establishment of regional brand,thus safeguarding the profit,and motivating innovations in scientific research and market expansion.In China,tiger puffer aquaculture is still resource-dependent and labor-intensive.There are several problems need to be solved,such as low level of farming technology and product differentiation.Drawing lessons from the development of tiger puffer aquaculture in Japan would help to optimize the development mode of tiger puffer aquaculture as well as finfish mariculture in China.Several suggestions were proposed,such as:to strengthen the introduction of technology and promote industrial upgrading;establish development strategies and cultivate domestic market.