宅基地退出补偿模式下农村家庭养老问题思考

Thoughts on the Issue of Rural Family Support for the Aged Under the Mode of Homestead Withdrawal Compensation

农村宅基地退出后所引发的社会性问题值得重点关注。宅基地退出补偿模式主要包含货币补偿、住房补偿和综合补偿3种模式。基于宅基地退出试点地区访谈调查结果得出,家庭养老问题是引致退出农民补偿模式偏好差异化的重要因素。通过对3种退出补偿模式对比,进一步分析了差异化补偿模式对家庭养老产生影响的内在机制。田野调查还发现,不同的补偿模式给宅基地退出农民带来了不同的养老问题,货币补偿易产生老年资金约束,住房补偿易引发农村家庭医养能力不足,而综合补偿模式也难以解决养老过程中出现的农村老人精神孤独等问题。基于此,未来应强化货币补偿模式的资金管制、限制资金用途,优化宅基地退出住房补偿设计、完善医疗保障,创新农村宅基地退出补偿模式、提升农村养老质量。

The social problems caused by the withdrawal of rural homestead deserve special attention.The compensation mode of homestead withdrawal mainly includes monetary compensation,housing compensation and comprehensive compensation.Based on the interview and survey results in the pilot areas of homestead withdrawal,it was concluded that the problem of family pension is an important factor leading to the differentiation of farmers'preference for withdrawing from the compensation model.Through the comparison of three withdrawal compensation modes,the internal mechanism of the impact of differentiated compensation mode on family pension was further analyzed.The field survey also found that different compensation models have brought different pension problems to farmers whose homestead withdrawal.Monetary compensation is easy to result in financial constraints for the elderly,housing compensation is easy to cause the lack of medical support ability of rural families,and the comprehensive compensation model is also difficult to solve the problems of mental loneliness of rural elderly in the process of providing for the elderly.Based on this,in the future,we should strengthen the fund control of monetary compensation mode,restrict the use of funds,optimize the design of housing compensation for the homestead withdrawal,improve the medical security,innovate the rural homestead withdrawal compensation mode,and improve the quality of rural pension.