经济林遗传改良与品种创制研究进展

Advances in genetic improvement of important traits and variety innovation of non-wood forest

经济林是林业的重要组成部分,为推动现代林业建设和服务乡村振兴国家战略提供了有力支撑。长期以来,育种工作者以满足新常态下经济林产业发展对高产、低耗、高抗新品种的需要为目标,针对木本粮油树种、林药材、水果类树种等主要经济林树种开展早期选择、杂交育种、诱变育种、倍性育种、体细胞杂交、分子标记辅助育种、转基因育种及分子设计育种等技术研究,加快了经济林良种选育进程,选育出一批优良种质和优良品种。全面阐述了我国经济林常规遗传育种、细胞工程育种、基因工程育种以及良种品质保障等方面基础理论研究现状及技术的应用情况,并在此基础上,分析提出了常规育种、多倍体育种、全基因组选择育种和良种退化等方面的研究是构建我国经济林现代育种体系的重要环节,对我国经济林产业全面提质升级具有重要意义。

Non-wood forest crops(NWFC)are an important component of forestry,providing strong support for promoting modern forestry construction and serving the national strategy of rural revitalization.For a long time,breeders have been aiming to meet the needs of new varieties with high yield,low consumption and high resistance for non-wood forest industry development under the new normal.They have conducted research on new technologies for major NWFC tree species,for example,woody grain and oil tree species,forest medicinal materials,and fruit trees to accelerate the process of NWFC breeding.Such as early selection,cross breeding,mutation breeding,ploidy breeding,cell engineering breeding,molecular marker assisted breeding,genetically modified breeding,and molecular design breeding.As a result,a number of excellent germplasm and varieties have been bred.We comprehensively described the current situation of basic theoretical research and the application of technology in conventional genetic breeding,cell engineering breeding,genetic engineering breeding,and quality assurance of improved varieties of NWFC in China.On this basis,we analyzed and proposed that research in conventional breeding,polyploid breeding,whole-genome selection breeding,and improved variety degradation is an important link in building a modern breeding system for NWFC in China.At the same time,it is of great significance for NWFC industry to upgrade comprehensively.