施肥对阿克苏地区骏枣园土壤、叶片养分及枣果品质的影响

Effect of fertilization on soil nutrients,leaf nutrients and fruit quality of Jun jujube in Aksu

【目的】为找到更加适合当地骏枣生长发育的施肥方案提供参考。【方法】在新疆佳木果树学国家长期科研基地骏枣示范园内进行大田试验,设置常规施肥(T1)、常规施肥+有机肥(T2)、常规施肥+有机肥+微生物菌剂(N22P8P18K7)(T3)、常规施肥+有机肥+微生物菌剂(N22P7P18K24)(T4)、常规施肥+生物炭(T5)、常规施肥+木本泥炭(T6)共6个处理,分别在5个时期(幼果期、果实膨大期、白熟期、脆熟期、完熟期)测定骏枣园土壤、叶片的养分含量及枣果的品质指标,进行方差分析、相关性分析,并对枣果品质指标进行主成分分析。【结果】与T1处理相比,T3、T4、T5处理能显著提升骏枣各生育期土壤碱解N、速效P、速效K含量及叶片K含量;T5处理提升了不同时期枣果N含量,T2、T4处理显著提升了不同时期的枣果K含量,施肥处理能够使枣果N、P、K积累量升高,且最大值均出现在完熟期。在完熟期,与T1处理相比,T6处理能够显著提升枣果的维生素C含量,增幅达28.26%;T2、T3、T5处理均能显著提升枣果的蛋白质含量,各处理增幅分别达到39.63%、33.01%、26.4%;T5处理提升枣果可溶性糖含量的效果最显著,增幅达31.04%;T2、T4、T5、T6处理的枣果葡萄糖含量均显著高于T1处理,按照其含量由高到低排列依次为T5、T6、T4、T2。T2处理能够降低不同时期枣果的可滴定酸含量,T3、T4处理能够提升各时期枣果果糖含量,且完熟期T3处理的果糖含量达到整个生育期的最大值。骏枣单果质量在完熟期无显著差异。果实品质综合得分前2名分别为微生物菌剂T3、T4处理,且T3处理的得分高于T4处理。【结论】各施肥处理均能起到提升土壤、叶片养分含量及果实品质的作用,但作用时期不尽相同。在各处理中,T3处理能够有效提升骏枣园土壤、叶片的养分含量且枣果品质综合得分最佳,在当地生产实践中推荐使用。

【Objective】To find more suitable fertilization scheme for the growth of local jujube.【Method】The field tests were carried out in Junzao Demonstration Park,Xinjiang Jiamu Fruit Science National long-term Scientific Research Base.6 treatments including conventional fertilization(T1),conventional fertilization+organic fertilizer(T2),conventional fertilization+organic fertilizer+microbial agent(N22P8P18K7)(T3),conventional fertilization+organic fertilizer+microbial agent(N22P7P18K24)(T4),conventional fertilization+biochar(T5),conventional fertilization+woody peat(T6)were setup.The nutrient contents of soil and leaves and fruit quality indexes of Jun jujube were determined at five stages(young fruit stage,fruit expansion stage,white ripening stage,crisp ripening stage and complete ripening stage),and the variance analysis and correlation analysis were carried out,and the principal component analysis was carried out.【Result】Compared with T1 treatments,T3,T4 and T5 treatments could significantly increase the soil alkali-hydrolytic N,available P,available K contents and leaf K contents at each growth stage of Jun jujube.T5 treatment increased the content of N in jujube fruits at different periods,while T2 and T4 treatments significantly increased the content of K in jujube fruits at different periods.Fertilization treatment could increase the accumulation of N,P and K in jujube fruits,and the maximum value appeared in the perfect ripening stage.In the ripening stage,compared with T1 treatment,T6 treatment could significantly increase the vitamin C content of jujube fruit,increasing by 28.26%;T2,T3 and T5 treatments can significantly increase the protein content of jujube fruit,and the increase of each treatment is 39.63%,33.01%and 26.4%,respectively.T5 treatment increased the soluble sugar content of jujube fruit by 31.04%.The glucose content of jujube fruits treated with T2,T4,T5 and T6 was significantly higher than that treated with T1,and the glucose content was ranked as T5,T6,T4 and T2 from high to low.T2 treatment reduced the titratable acid content of jujube fruits at different stages,T3 and T4 treatments increased the fructose content of jujube fruits at different stages,and the fructose content of T3 treatment at the ripe stage reached the maximum value in the whole growth period.There was no significant difference in fruit mass of Jun jujube at ripe stage.The top two comprehensive fruit quality scores were microbial agent T3 and T4,respectively,and the score of T3 was higher than that of T4.【Conclusion】All fertilization treatments can improve soil and leaf nutrient content and fruit quality,but the effect period is different.Among all treatments,T3 treatment can effectively improve the soil and leaf nutrient content of Jun jujube,and the comprehensive score of jujube fruit quality is the best,so it is recommended to be used in local production practice.