光周期对油茶开花及生理特性的影响

Effects of photoperiod on flowering and physiological characteristics of Camellia oleifera

【目的】为油茶品种的推广及南北引种提供参考。【方法】以温室培养的‘华硕’油茶苗作为研究对象,设置5个光周期处理(8 h/16 h、10 h/14 h、12 h/12 h、14 h/10 h、16 h/8 h),以自然光照作为对照组(CK)。在花芽分化期、现蕾期、初花期及盛花期对各处理组油茶叶片中的叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、ABA、IAA、GA_(3)及CTK的含量进行检测,并对各处理组油茶的株高、花期时间及花朵数量进行统计。【结果】与CK处理相比,在长日照条件下(14 h/10 h、16 h/8 h)油茶株高显著增加,开花时间提前,花朵数量增加;在短日照条件下(8 h/16 h、10 h/14 h)油茶株高降低,开花时间推迟,花朵数量减少。在长日照条件下,油茶叶片中的叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量显著增加;在短日照条件下,油茶叶片中的叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量显著减少。长日照处理下,油茶叶片中的ABA、IAA含量显著增加,GA_(3)、CTK含量显著降低,且ω(IAA)/ω(GA_(3))、ω(ABA)/ω(CTK)、ω(ABA)/ω(GA_(3))及ω(ABA)/ω(IAA+GA_(3)+CTK)的值组间差异显著。【结论】光周期可影响油茶叶片的叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标,并可影响ABA、IAA、GA_(3)及CTK等内源激素含量,从而调控油茶的生长发育及开花时间。长日照能促进油茶花期提前,增加花朵数量;短日照则使油茶花期滞后、花朵数量减少。

【Objective】To provide reference for the widespread cultivation and south-to-north transplanting of Camellia oleifera varieties.【Method】The‘Huashuo’C.oleifera cultivated in greenhouses was used as the experimental materials,set five different photoperiod treatments(8 h/16 h,10 h/14 h,12 h/12 h,14 h/10 h,16 h/8 h)and used natural light as the control group(CK).The contents of chlorophyll,soluble sugar,soluble protein,ABA,IAA,GA_(3) and CTK endogenous hormones in leaves of the experimental group were measured and compared at different stages including the flower bud differentiation,budding,early flowering and full flowering stages.Meanwhile,the height,flowering time and number of flowers were recorded.【Result】Compared with CK,when treated with a long light duration the plant height of the experimental group increased significantly(14 h/10 h,16 h/8 h),the flowering time was earlier,and the number of flowers increased.In contrast,when treated with a short light duration(8 h/16 h,10 h/14 h),the plant height reduced,the flowering time was late,and the number of flowers decreased.Additionally,with a long period of light exposure,the contents of ABA and IAA in leaves increased significantly,while the contents of GA_(3) and CTK significantly decreased,and there were significant difference among the ratios ofω(IAA)/ω(GA_(3)),ω(ABA)/ω(CTK),ω(ABA)/ω(GA_(3))andω(ABA)/ω(IAA+GA_(3)+CTK)between the groups.【Conclusion】Photoperiod can regulate the growth and flowering time of C.oleifera by influencing the contents of physiological substances such as chlorophyll,soluble sugar and soluble protein,as well as the contents of endogenous hormones including ABA,IAA,GA_(3) and CTK.The long period of light exposure makes the flowering time of C.oleifera creep forward and increase the number of flowers while a short period of light exposure slows the flowering time of C.oleifera and reduce the number of flowers.