应对城市热岛效应的公园系统布局及优化研究——以高密度城市中国澳门为例

Study on Park System Spatial Planning and Optimization to Mitigate Urban Heat Island Effect---An Example in the High-Density City,China Macao SAR

全球气候变化背景下,高密度城市受城市热岛效应的不良环境影响日益突出,对可持续发展构成挑战。城市绿地作为重要的生态基础设施,通过降低地表温度显著减缓城市热岛效应,通过优化城市公园系统缓解城市热岛效应及制订相关决策方案具有重要的现实意义。本研究以我国典型高密度城市——中国澳门特别行政区为例,借助Landsat-8 OLI/TIRSEN遥感影像数据进行地表温度反演,通过可视化方法揭示热岛效应的空间格局特征,借助GIS对城市公园绿地进行量化分析和空间分析,评价现有公园系统减缓热岛效应的绩效。基于这些结果进一步探讨了城市公园系统布局与优化方案,确定公共绿地规划的合理位置,尽可能减缓城市热岛效应。

Driven by the global climate change,urban heat island effect and its advert consequences have become a serious issue and challenge to environmental sustainability in the densely-populated cities.As critical urban infrastructure in cities,the green space is capable of cooling the environment by decreasing the land surface temperature.Therefore,the urban park system is of great significance to alleviating the urban heat island(UHI)effect and decision-making with regard to UHI mitigation by planning and design.Taking China Macao Special Administrative Region of China,one of the most densely-populated cities globally,as an example,this paper conducts land surface temperature retrieval analysis with the assistance of Landsat 8 remote-sensing image data to map spatial patterns of urban heat island effect.Then,this paper applies the quantitative and spatial analysis of the existing urban park system to evaluate their performance in mitigating the UHI effect.Based on the results,this paper explores the spatial planning and optimization design of the urban park system,and identifies potential sites for new parks from the perspective of reducing the UHI effect to the maximum efficiency.