网络爬虫技术的安全风险和刑法应对

Security Risks and Criminal Law Responses of Web Crawler Technology

随着近年来国内数据经济和数据产业的发展,网络爬虫技术的风险开始在刑事领域凸显,应当运用刑法对其加以规制。当前我国对网络爬虫的刑法规制,在立法和司法层面均存在一定不足。对网络爬虫进行规制应当秉持刑法的谦抑性和法秩序统一性,采取安全与效率平衡的基本立场,实现数据犯罪治理思路由控制模式到利用模式的转型。在立法层面,加快数据犯罪体系建构,积极增设故意破坏数据犯罪,谨慎设立过失危害数据犯罪;在司法层面,充分发挥法益的实质解释功能,不以技术判断取代规范判断,以实质解释为路径,完善对网络爬虫行为违法性的认定,同时注意涉网络爬虫犯罪的罪数问题。

With the development of domestic data economy and data industry in recent years,the risks of web crawling technology have started to be highlighted in the criminal field,which should be regulated by criminal law.At present,the criminal law regulation of web crawlers in China has certain shortcomings at both the legislative and judicial levels.The regulation of web crawlers should uphold the modesty of criminal law and the unity of legal order,adopt the basic position of balancing security and efficiency,and realize the transformation of data crime governance from control mode to utilization mode.At the legislative level,the construction of the data crime system should be accelerated,and the crime of intentional destruction of data should be actively added,and the crime of negligent endangerment of data should be cautiously established.At the judicial level,the substantive interpretation function of legal interests should be given full play without replacing normative judgment with technical judgment,and the substantive interpretation should be used as the path to improve the determination of the illegality of web crawling behavior,while paying attention to the number of crimes involving web crawlers.