从诚意到致知:王阳明晚年教法之变

From Sincerity to Knowledge Acquisition:The Transformation of Wang Yangming′s Teaching Method

王阳明自龙场悟道到宁藩之变前教法都是以诚意作为统帅,晚年提出“致良知”学说后则变成了以致知为主。在本体方面,良知比诚更为自然;在功夫方面,致知比诚意更为基础,更为简易直捷。在王阳明哲学体系中,致知相较于诚意能够更好地收摄“心即理”和“知行合一”等心学的基本命题,能够更简捷地将本体论和功夫论贯通起来,而且实现了对“静坐”和“省察克治”等具体教法的收摄和整合。因此,致知就成为了王阳明教法的最终形态。

Wang Yangming′s commander-in-chief teaching method was based on sincerity from Longchang Enlightenment to the Ningfan Rebellion.However,in his later years,after proposing the theory of"to conscience",seeking knowledge became the main teaching method.In terms of ontology,conscience is more natural than sincerity;in terms of martial arts,knowledge acquisition is more fundamental and straightforward than sincerity.In Wang Yangming′s philosophical system,knowledge acquisition,compared to sincerity,can better grasp the basic propositions of mind theory and the unity of knowledge and action.It can easily and directly connect the theories of ontology and martial arts,and achieve the integration of specific teaching methods such as meditation,introspection,self-control and improvement.Therefore,knowledge acquisition became the ultimate form of Wang Yangming′s teaching method.