妊娠期母体营养对巨大儿的影响

Influence of Maternal Nutrition on Macrosomia during Pregnancy

新生儿的出生体质量可用于衡量胎儿宫内营养状况,也与妊娠结局密切相关。随着新生儿出生体质量的增加,分娩期新生儿和母体的致伤、致残、致死风险逐渐增高,新生儿成年期心血管疾病及代谢性疾病发病风险也增加。因此,提高对巨大儿的风险认识,降低巨大儿的发生率非常必要,也是提高妊娠期保健质量的重要方面。孕妇的体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)和妊娠期体质量增加(gestational weight gain,GWG)是衡量孕妇营养状况的指标,肥胖、BMI过高、GWG过度导致巨大儿、大于胎龄儿(large for gestational age infant,LGA)发生风险增加。孕妇营养是新生儿出生体质量的重要影响因素,可以通过人为方式进行干预。孕妇在妊娠前、妊娠期适量摄入营养可减少巨大儿的出生率。

The birth weight of newborn can be used to measure the nutritional status of fetus in utero,and is closely related to pregnancy outcome.With the increase of newborn birth weight,the risk of injury,disability and death of the newborn and the mother during childbirth gradually increases,and the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are also higher in adulthood.Therefore,it is very necessary to improve the risk awareness of macrosomia and reduce the incidence of macrosomia,which is also an important aspect to improve the quality of pregnancy care.Maternal body mass index(BMI)and gestational weight gain(GWG)are indicators to measures the nutritional status of pregnant women.Obesity,high BMI and excessive GWG are associated with an increased risk of macrosomia and large for gestational age infants(LGA).Maternal nutrition is an important factor affecting newborn birth weight,which can be artificially intervened.Intake of adequate nutrition by pregnant women before and during pregnancy can reduce the birth rate of macrosomia.