基于改进两步移动搜索法的长沙市医疗服务设施可达性研究

Research on Accessibility of Medical Service Facilities in Changsha City Based on the Modified Two-step Floating Catchment Area Method

医院作为城市最基础的服务设施之一,其交通可达性水平是衡量城市医疗服务设施资源配给公平性的重要指标。该文以长沙市七个城区为研究对象,基于高德路径规划API,通过改进两步移动搜索法构建了三种不同交通方式下的可达性模型,对长沙市医疗服务设施的交通可达性进行了评价,对比了多交通模式与单交通模式在多个出行时段下对可达性结果的影响,并提出针对性的交通改善措施。研究发现:(1)公共交通模式下各时段可达性差异较小,驾驶模式和多交通模式受出行时段影响较大。(2)长沙市医疗服务可达性由中心城区向外逐渐衰减,且呈现出连续的圈层式特征。可达性水平最高的区域为芙蓉区,全区均达供给平衡及以上水平;可达性水平最低的区域为长沙县及望城区北部,达供给平衡及以上的区域占比均不到20%。(3)与驾驶模式Ga2SFCA方法相比,多模式交通Ga2SFCA方法可以反映区域内部的可达性差异状况,区域之间的可达性差异较小。公共交通Ga2SFCA方法的高可达性指数呈现沿地铁线分布的特征。研究结果可为提高长沙及其他城市医疗服务设施交通可达性的服务水平提供科学依据与参考。

As one of the most basic service faciHties in a city,the hospital can be an important index to measure the fairness of resource allocation of urban medical service facilities when it comes to its accessibility level.Taking seven urban districts of Changsha as the research object,and based on the application programming interface(API)of Amap,this paper constructs three accessibility models under different traffic modes with the modified two-step floating catchment area method to evaluate the accessibility of medical service facilities in Changsha,and puts forward some targeted trafiic improvement measures.The results are as follows:(1)Under the public traffic mode,there is little difference in accessibility in different time periods while the driving mode and multi-traffic mode are greatly affected by travel time.(2)The accessibility of medical services in Changsha gradually decays from the central city to the outside and presents a continuous circle-type feature.The area with the highest accessibility level is Furong District,which has reached the supply balance level and above;The areas with the lowest accessibility level are Changsha County and the northern part of Wangcheng District,and the areas with supply balance and above account for less than 20%.(3)Compared with the driving mode Ga2SFCA method,the multi-mode traffic Ga2SFCA method can reflect the accessibility differences within regions,and the accessibility differences between regions are small.The high accessibility index of the Ga2SFCA method of public transport is distributed along the subway line.The research results can provide scientific basis and reference for improving the traffic accessibility service level of medical service facilities in Changsha City.