独立学院转设背景下教师的压力评估与应对策略

On the Teachers’Stress Appraisal and Coping Strategies under the Background of Independent College Transfer

运用自编《转设高校教师压力评估与应对调查问卷》,以394名转设独立学院教师为样本,分析了独立学院转设给教师带来的压力及其应对策略,并比较了其中的异质性。研究发现:转设高校教师的压力评估包含4个维度,分别是工作安全压力、职业发展压力、能力要求压力和负面情绪压力;应对策略包括2个维度,即能力提升应对和态度改进应对。数据分析表明:转设高校教师的能力要求压力最大,其次是职业发展压力。不同个体(性别、年龄)与社会特征(收入、职称、工作年限、用工性质)教师在压力评估和应对策略方面存在明显差异。不同转设方向教师的工作安全压力、职业发展压力、能力要求压力和负面情绪压力差异显著,其中终止办学方向教师在各维度上的压力值均显著高于转公和转民方向的教师。不同转设方向教师在应对策略方面既存在共性,也有着明显的差别。面对转设,教师个人要调适心态,提升应对转设风险的能力。转设高校应采取措施缓解教师压力,并实质性地维护和发展教师的正当利益。

Using the selfmade Questionnaire on Stress Assessment and Coping Strategies of Teachers in Transferred Colleges,with 394 teachers in transferred independent colleges as samples,this paper analyzes the pressure brought by the independent colleges transfer to teachers and the coping strategies,and compares the heterogeneity among them.The study found that:the stress appraisal of these teachers includes four dimensions:job safety,career development,ability requirement and negative emotional stress;coping strategies includes two dimensions,namely,ability improvement and attitude improvement.The data analysis shows that the stress of these teachers’ability is the greatest,followed by the stress of career development.Different teachers(gender,age)with different social characteristics(income,professional title,working years,nature of employment)have obvious differences in stress appraisal and strategic coping.There are significant differences in job safety,career development,ability requirement and negative emotional appraisal among teachers in different transfer directions.Among them,the stress values of teachers in the direction of terminating the college are significantly higher than those in the direction of transferring to public and private colleges.Teachers with different transfer directions have both similarities and obvious differences in coping strategies.In the face of the transformation of independent colleges,teachers should adjust their mentality and improve their ability to deal with the risks of transfer.The transfer of independent colleges should take measures to alleviate the stress on teachers,and substantially safeguard and develop their legitimate interests.