中美博士研究生教育规模与结构比较分析

A Comparative Analysis of the Development Trend of Chinese and American Doctoral Education During the Expansion Period

博士研究生教育是学历教育的最高层次,对提高我国国际竞争力、建设创新型国家和实现人才强国的战略目标具有至关重要的意义。美国拥有最大的博士研究生教育规模,其结构也有独到之处,本研究从规模与结构两方面对中国和美国博士研究生教育进行比较分析。从1999—2020年的统计数据看,我国博士学位授予数量少于美国,结构也存在一定差异。在规模方面,中美两国学位授予数量持续增长,中国增速较快;两国拥有博士学位授予权高校的数量不断增加。在学科结构方面,两国科类结构分布不均衡;我国理工科博士占比高于美国;两国的专业博士授予学位规模较小。最后提出进一步统筹优化规模、结构、质量和效益,适度超前布局研究生教育等建议。

Doctoral education,as the highest level of academic education,is of great significance for improving China’s international competitiveness,building an innovative China,and realizing the strategic goal of building China with talents.The doctoral education in the United States is the largest in scale,and its structure is unique.This study compares and analyzes the doctoral education in China and the United States in terms of scale and structure.With the statistics from 1999 to 2020,the num-ber of doctoral degrees awarded in China is less than that in the United States,and there are certain differences in their structures.In terms of scale,the number of degrees granted in China and the United States has continued to grow,and it has been growing rapidly in China;the number of universities with doctoral degree-granting rights in the two countries has continued to increase as well.In terms of disciplinary structure,the distribution of subject structure in the two countries is uneven;the proportion of science and engineering doctors in China is higher than that in the United States;the scale of professional doctoral degrees awarded in the two is relatively small.Finally,this paper puts forward suggestions for further optimizing the scale,structure,quality and efficiency,and appropriately advancing postgraduate education.