空间异质性建成环境对地铁与公交换乘客流的影响

Impact of Built Environment on Flow of Transfer Passengers Between Subway and Bus Considering Spatial Heterogeneity

地铁与常规公交换乘的出行方式成为人口密集型城市的主要出行方式,探究两者换乘模式的影响因素有助于提高公共交通分担率。本文采用AFC(Automatic Fare Collection System)数据与AVL(Automatic Vehicle Location)数据,识别地铁-公交(M-B)和公交-地铁(B-M)两种模式的换乘客流。以地铁站点为核心,围绕站点周边开发程度、交通系统、城市设计及地铁网络结构特征这4个维度构建地铁站点建成环境指标体系。利用多尺度地理加权回归模型(MGWR)探究城市建成环境对地铁-公交与公交-地铁两种换乘模式的影响机理及其尺度效应,并以成都市为对象进行实证研究。研究结果表明:MGWR模型能够反映不同建成环境要素与M-B和B-M方式间依赖关系的空间异质性与作用尺度差异性,估计结果优于全局OLS(Ordinary Least-Squares)模型与GWR(Geographic Weighted Regression)模型;建成环境要素对公交与地铁换乘客流的影响效应存在空间异质性,公交线路数量空间异质性最为显著,非机动车道密度、土地利用混合度及地铁线路数量空间异质性较弱;不同建成环境要素对换乘客流的影响效果具有差异性,公交站点数量与线路数量影响程度对换乘客流促进作用较大,而非机动车道密度则有明显的抑制作用。

The travel mode of subway and bus interchange has become the main travel mode in densely populated cities.Exploring the influencing factors of the interchange between the two modes can help to improve the public transportation sharing rate.In this paper,we use AFC data and AVL data to identify the interchange flows of metro-tobus and bus-to-metro modes.With the metro station as the core,the built environment index system for metro stations is built in four dimensions:the degree of development around the metro station,the traffic system,the urban design,and the structural characteristics of the metro network.A multi-scale geographically weighted regression(MGWR)model is used to investigate the mechanism and scale effects of the urban built environment on the interchanges.An empirical study is conducted in Chengdu.The results show that the MGWR model can characterize the regional differences between the interchange flows and the built environment and its scale of influence,with better estimation results than the global OLS and GWR models.There is spatial heterogeneity in the effects of built environment elements on the bus and metro interchange passenger flows,with the most significant spatial heterogeneity in the number of bus lines and weaker spatial heterogeneity in the density of non-motorized lanes,land use mix,and the number of metro lines.The effect of different built environment elements varies on interchange flows.The number of bus stops and the number of routes have a greater impact on interchange flows,while non-motorway density has a significant inhibiting effect.