考虑地铁运营中断下多站协同的接驳公交优化研究

Optimization of Bus Bridging Considering Multi-station Coordination Under Metro Disruption

当地铁区间突发中断,需要分段运营时,将滞留乘客全部疏运至最近的折返站容易引起折返站拥堵。为加快乘客疏运效率,考虑滞留乘客在地铁系统内的乘车去向,利用接驳公交将其分散疏运至折返站或合理的换乘站上,本文提出了折返站与换乘站协同承担客流疏散任务的应急公交接驳方案。考虑接驳公交线路派出、线路连接关系、接驳线路时间接续、客流疏散关系和疏散目的站客流控制等约束,建立以最小化乘客等待时间和最大化公交满载率为目标的混合整数规划模型。设计嵌套改进遗传算法的分层序列算法进行求解,并以北京地铁4号线为实例验证模型和算法。结果表明,本文提出的接驳方案同传统方案相比虽然使得公交满载率下降了2.5%,但是乘客平均等待时间缩短了30.2%,极大提高了疏散效率。

In the event of unexpected disruptions to the metro system that require the operation to be sectioned,the evacuation of stranded passengers to the nearest turnover station can result in congestion.To enhance the efficiency of passenger evacuation,this paper proposes the implementation of an emergency bridging bus service to transfer stranded passengers to the nearest turnover or transfer stations based on their travel direction.The proposed emergency bus bridging scheme involves cooperation between the turnover and transfer stations to facilitate the evacuation task.A mixed integer programming model is established,which considers constraints such as dispatching of bridging bus lines,connection of bus lines,time connection of connecting lines,passenger flow evacuation relationship,and passenger flow control at evacuation destination stations.The objectives of the model are to minimize passenger waiting time and maximize bus load rate.To solve the model,a hierarchical sequence algorithm nested improved genetic algorithm is developed.The model and algorithm are verified using Beijing Metro Line 4 as an example.The results demonstrate that the proposed bus bridging scheme reduces the bus load rate by 2.5%,while the average waiting time of passengers is decreased by 30.2%,significantly enhancing the efficiency of evacuation.