客货混运下的城轨时刻表与流量控制协同优化研究

Collaborative Optimization of Urban Rail Timetable and Flow Control Under Mixed Passenger and Freight Transportation

利用城市轨道交通平峰期冗余运力进行客货混合运输是缓解地面交通拥堵和节能环保的重要手段。本文在客货混合运输模式下,研究城市轨道交通列车时刻表和流量控制问题。首先,以列车发车时间、列车车厢布置和客货需求分配给列车车厢的数量为主要决策变量,以最小化乘客和货物的等待时间以及列车车厢能耗为目标,考虑流平衡、列车容量限制及时刻表等约束,构建城市轨道交通客货混合优化模型。其次,为验证模型的有效性,以上海地铁17号线为例进行实证研究,借助优化求解器Gurobi求解模型。结果表明:本文所提协同优化方法具有良好的优化效果和计算效率,与逐一求解法对比,乘客和货物延误数量可显著降低;协同优化可减少乘客延误人数21.92%,货物延误数量9.73%,乘客和货物的平均等待时间减少35.88%和25.56%,碳排放量减少1.7%。该方法可以提高地铁满载率,减少地铁平峰时期的运力浪费,同时提高轨道交通运营安全性和运输效率。

With the development of the economy and society,ground traffic road congestion is serious,resulting in increased carbon emissions.Due to the advantages of energy saving,environmental protection,and emission reduction of urban rail transit,full use of the redundant transportation capacity of rail transit is currently a feasible solution to alleviate the pressure of ground cargo transportation and reduce carbon emissions.This paper studies the timetable and flow control problem under the mixed passenger and freight transportation mode.Firstly,a model for mixed passenger and freight transportation in an urban rail line is constructed,which takes the departure time of the train,the layout of the train carriages,and the number of passenger and freight demand allocated to the train compartment as the decision variables to minimize the waiting time of passengers and goods and the energy consumption of the train compartment,considering flow balance constraints,train capacity limitation,and timetable.To verify the validity of the model,Shanghai Metro Line 17 is taken as an example for empirical research,and the model is solved by the optimization solver Gurobi.The results show that the collaborative optimization method proposed in this paper has a good optimization effect and computational efficiency.Compared with the one-by-one solution method,the number of passenger and cargo delays can be significantly reduced.Collaborative optimization can reduce the number of passenger delays by 21.92%,the number of cargo delays by 9.73%,the average waiting time of passengers and cargo by 35.88%,25.56%,and carbon emissions by 1.7%.This method can improve the load rate,reduce the waste of capacity during the peak period,and improve the safety and efficiency of rail transit operations.