考虑社交距离的火车站检票过程建模研究

Modelling and Simulation of Railway Station Check-in Process Considering Social Distance

随着国内新冠肺炎疫情态势逐渐好转,铁路旅客运输服务逐渐恢复,铁路客运站作为面向旅客提供服务的重要交通枢纽之一,站内旅客数量庞大,种类繁杂;在“乙类乙管”的疫情防控态势当下,旅客对社交距离的重视程度会影响到其所做出的行为反应。本文以北京南站检票口区域为研究场景,建立基于势能场的元胞自动机模型;基于昆明火车站和重庆西站的实际检票场景,提出有限理性机制下旅客队伍间距决策函数,研究不同条件下旅客间社交距离对检票过程的影响。仿真结果表明:不同的有限理性强度会影响旅客的平均入站时间和检票过程总时间,在本文实验条件下,旅客的近距离接触次数与有限理性强度呈正相关;在排队过程中,旅客初始选择间距差值每增加0.4 m,闸机占有率平均提高3.3%,平均入站时间同比增加14.9%,平均检票时间同比增加20.5%,旅客检票时间占旅客入站时间的比值平均上升5.7%。此外,完全理性旅客的占比增加会提高旅客平均入站时间,当完全理性旅客占比较小时,检票过程总时间不会发生较大变化,但旅客间近距离接触次数较不存在完全理性旅客时会相对降低。

With the COVID-19 pandemic in China gradually turned better,the railway passenger transport services are gradually back to normal,and the railway stations accommodate a large number of passengers every day.The social distancing between passengers will affect their behaviors under the"Category B management"policy in China.This study investigated the check-in area of Beijing South Railway Station and developed a cellular automaton model based on potential energy field.The paper also proposed the decision function of passenger queue spacing under the bounded rationality mechanism to study the influence of social distance between passengers on the ticket checking process based on the check-in process in Kunming Railway Station and Chongqing West Railway Station.The simulation results showed that:the passenger's average arrival time and the total check-in time are affected by different strength of"bounded rationality".Under the experimental conditions of this paper,the close contact times of passengers are positively correlated with the strength of bounded rationality.In the queuing process,when the difference between the initial selection of passengers increases by 0.4 meters,the average share of gate increases by 3.3%,the average arrival time increases by 14.9%,the average check-in time increases by 20.5%,and the ratio of check-in time to arrival time of passengers increases by 5.7%.In addition,the increase of the proportion of completely rational passengers will increase the passenger average arrival time.When the proportion of completely rational passengers is small,the decrease of the proportion has little effect on the check-in time,but the number of close contacts between passengers increases accordingly.